A. Dr, Pasco (Radiology) Hôpital de Caen: Dr S, Neurology

S. Dr, . Grand, and J. F. Professor, Lebas (Radiology) Hôpital de Lille: Dr C

X. Dr, . Leclerc, and J. P. Professor, Pruvost (Radiology ) Hôpital de Maubeuge: Drs V. Neuville, T. Rosolacci (Neurology ) Hôpital de Meaux, Neurology

P. Dr, Bérou (Radiology) Hôpital de Nantes: Drs B

E. Drs, H. Auffray, V. Drs, K. Biousse, K. Berthet et al., Professor De Kersaint-Gilly (Radiology) Hôpital Saint Antoine and Lariboisière Hôpital Saint Antoine, Neurology Professor J. Tubiana (Radiology). Hôpital Tenon

. Gauthier, Stroh-Marcy (Radiology) Hôpital de Valenciennes: Dr P

M. Bots, J. Van-swieten, M. Breteler, P. De-jong, J. Van-gijn et al., Cerebral white matter lesions and atherosclerosis in the Rotterdam Study, The Lancet, vol.341, issue.8855, pp.1232-1237, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0140-6736(93)91144-B

M. Breteler, J. Van-swieten, M. Bots, D. Grobbee, J. Claus et al., Cerebral white matter lesions, vascular risk factors, and cognitive function in a population-based study: The Rotterdam Study, Neurology, vol.44, issue.7, pp.1246-1252, 1994.
DOI : 10.1212/WNL.44.7.1246

A. Lindgren, A. Roijer, O. Rudling, B. Norrving, E. Larsson et al., Cerebral lesions on magnetic resonance imaging, heart disease, and vascular risk factors in subjects without stroke. A population-based study, Stroke, vol.25, issue.5, pp.929-934, 1994.
DOI : 10.1161/01.STR.25.5.929

W. Longstreth, T. Manolio, A. Arnold, G. Burke, N. Bryan et al., Clinical Correlates of White Matter Findings on Cranial Magnetic Resonance Imaging of 3301 Elderly People: The Cardiovascular Health Study, Stroke, vol.27, issue.8, pp.1274-1282, 1996.
DOI : 10.1161/01.STR.27.8.1274

C. Dufouil, A. De-kersaint-gilly, V. Besancon, C. Levy, E. Auffray et al., Longitudinal study of blood pressure and white matter hyperintensities: The EVA MRI Cohort, Neurology, vol.56, issue.7, pp.921-926, 2001.
DOI : 10.1212/WNL.56.7.921

M. Van-zagten, J. Boiten, F. Kessels, and J. Lodder, Significant Progression of White Matter Lesions and Small Deep (Lacunar) Infarcts in Patients With Stroke, Archives of Neurology, vol.53, issue.7, pp.650-655, 1996.
DOI : 10.1001/archneur.1996.00550070088015

S. Miyao, A. Takano, J. Teramoto, and A. Takahashi, Leukoaraiosis in relation to prognosis for patients with lacunar infarction, Stroke, vol.23, issue.10, pp.1434-1438, 1992.
DOI : 10.1161/01.STR.23.10.1434

D. Inzitari, Leukoaraiosis: An Independent Risk Factor for Stroke?, Stroke, vol.34, issue.8, pp.2067-2071, 2003.
DOI : 10.1161/01.STR.0000080934.68280.82

M. Breteler, N. Van-amerongen, J. Van-swieten, J. Claus, D. Grobbee et al., Cognitive correlates of ventricular enlargement and cerebral white matter lesions on magnetic resonance imaging. The Rotterdam Study, Stroke, vol.25, issue.6, pp.1109-1115, 1994.
DOI : 10.1161/01.STR.25.6.1109

L. Bronge and L. Wahlund, White Matter Lesions in Dementia: An MRI Study on Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction, Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, vol.11, issue.5, pp.263-267, 2000.
DOI : 10.1159/000017248

E. Garde, E. Mortensen, K. Krabbe, E. Rostrup, and H. Larsson, Relation between age-related decline in intelligence and cerebral white-matter hyperintensities in healthy octogenarians: a longitudinal study, The Lancet, vol.356, issue.9230, pp.628-634, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02604-0

H. Koga, T. Yuzuriha, H. Yao, K. Endo, S. Hiejima et al., Quantitative MRI findings and cognitive impairment among community dwelling elderly subjects, Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, vol.72, issue.6, pp.737-741, 2002.
DOI : 10.1136/jnnp.72.6.737

URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1737917

S. Vermeer, N. Prins, T. Den-heijer, A. Hofman, P. Koudstaal et al., Silent Brain Infarcts and the Risk of Dementia and Cognitive Decline, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.348, issue.13, pp.1215-1222, 2003.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMoa022066

P. Videbech, MRI findings in patients with affective disorder: a meta-analysis, Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, vol.34, issue.3, pp.157-168, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/0925-4927(91)90013-G

I. Hickie, E. Scott, K. Wilhelm, and H. Brodaty, Subcortical hyperintensities on magnetic resonance imaging in patients with severe depression???A longitudinal evaluation, Biological Psychiatry, vol.42, issue.5, pp.367-374, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-3223(96)00363-0

O. 'brien, J. Ames, D. Chiu, E. Schweitzer, I. Desmond et al., Severe deep white matter lesions and outcome in elderly patients with major depressive disorder: follow up study, BMJ, vol.317, issue.7164, pp.982-984, 1998.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.317.7164.982

G. Whitman, T. Tang, A. Lin, and R. Baloh, A prospective study of cerebral white matter abnormalities in older people with gait dysfunction, Neurology, vol.57, issue.6, pp.990-994, 2001.
DOI : 10.1212/WNL.57.6.990

J. Starr, S. Leaper, A. Murray, H. Lemmon, R. Staff et al., Brain white matter lesions detected by magnetic resosnance imaging are associated with balance and gait speed, Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, vol.74, issue.1, pp.94-98, 2003.
DOI : 10.1136/jnnp.74.1.94

D. Liao, L. Cooper, J. Cai, J. Toole, N. Bryan et al., Presence and Severity of Cerebral White Matter Lesions and Hypertension, Its Treatment, and Its Control: The ARIC Study, Stroke, vol.27, issue.12, pp.2262-2270, 1996.
DOI : 10.1161/01.STR.27.12.2262

R. Schmidt, C. Enzinger, S. Ropele, H. Schmidt, and F. Fazekas, Progression of cerebral white matter lesions: 6-year results of the Austrian Stroke Prevention Study, The Lancet, vol.361, issue.9374, pp.2046-2048, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13616-1

R. Schmidt, F. Fazekas, P. Kapeller, H. Schmidt, and H. Hartung, MRI white matter hyperintensities: Three-year follow-up of the Austrian Stroke Prevention Study, Neurology, vol.53, issue.1, pp.132-139, 1999.
DOI : 10.1212/WNL.53.1.132

. Progress-collaborative and . Group, Randomised trial of a perindopril-based blood-pressure-lowering regimen among 6105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack, Lancet, vol.358, pp.1033-1041, 2001.

R. Woods, S. Grafton, C. Holmes, S. Cherry, and J. Mazziotta, Automated Image Registration: I. General Methods and Intrasubject, Intramodality Validation, Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography, vol.22, issue.1, pp.139-152, 1998.
DOI : 10.1097/00004728-199801000-00027

P. Scheltens, F. Barkhof, D. Leys, J. Pruvo, J. Nauta et al., A semiquantative rating scale for the assessment of signal hyperintensities on magnetic resonance imaging, Journal of the Neurological Sciences, vol.114, issue.1, pp.7-12, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-510X(93)90041-V

F. De-leeuw, J. De-groot, M. Oudkerk, J. Witteman, A. Hofman et al., Hypertension and cerebral white matter lesions in a prospective cohort study, Brain, vol.125, issue.4, pp.765-772, 2002.
DOI : 10.1093/brain/awf077

W. Taylor, J. Macfall, J. Provenzale, M. Payne, D. Mcquoid et al., Serial MR Imaging of Volumes of Hyperintense White Matter Lesions in Elderly Patients: Correlation with Vascular Risk Factors, American Journal of Roentgenology, vol.181, issue.2, pp.571-576, 2003.
DOI : 10.2214/ajr.181.2.1810571

J. Van-swieten, L. Kappelle, A. Algra, J. Van-latum, P. Koudstaal et al., Hypodensity of the cerebral white matter in patients with transient ischemic attack or minor stroke: Influence on the rate of subsequent stroke, Annals of Neurology, vol.40, issue.2, pp.177-183, 1992.
DOI : 10.1002/ana.410320209

P. Scheltens, T. Erkinjuntti, D. Leys, L. Wahlund, D. Inzitari et al., White Matter Changes on CT and MRI: An Overview of Visual Rating Scales, European Neurology, vol.39, issue.2, pp.80-89, 1998.
DOI : 10.1159/000007921

P. Kapeller, R. Barber, R. Vermeulen, H. Ader, P. Scheltens et al., Visual Rating of Age-Related White Matter Changes on Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Scale Comparison, Interrater Agreement, and Correlations With Quantitative Measurements, Stroke, vol.34, issue.2, pp.441-445, 2003.
DOI : 10.1161/01.STR.0000049766.26453.E9

L. Pantoni, M. Simoni, G. Pracucci, R. Schmidt, F. Barkhof et al., Visual Rating Scales for Age-Related White Matter Changes (Leukoaraiosis): Can the Heterogeneity Be Reduced?, Stroke, vol.33, issue.12, pp.2827-2833, 2002.
DOI : 10.1161/01.STR.0000038424.70926.5E