R. Katzman and P. Fox, The world-wide impact of dementia. Projections of prevalence and costs Epidemiology of Alzheimer's disease: from gene to prevention, pp.1-17, 1999.

R. Petersen, G. Smith, S. Waring, R. Ivnik, E. Tangalos et al., Mild Cognitive Impairment, Archives of Neurology, vol.56, issue.3, pp.303-311, 1999.
DOI : 10.1001/archneur.56.3.303
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00112038

E. Miller, R. Pastor-barriuso, D. Dalal, R. Riemersma, L. Appel et al., Meta-Analysis: High-Dosage Vitamin E Supplementation May Increase All-Cause Mortality, Annals of Internal Medicine, vol.142, issue.1, pp.37-46, 2005.
DOI : 10.7326/0003-4819-142-1-200501040-00110

T. Finkel and N. Holbrook, Oxidants, oxidative stress and the biology of ageing, Nature, vol.408, issue.6809, pp.239-286, 2000.
DOI : 10.1038/35041687

Y. Christen, Oxidative stress and Alzheimer disease, Am J Clin Nutr, vol.71, pp.621-629, 2000.

S. Arlt, U. Beisiegel, and A. Kontush, Lipid peroxidation in neurodegeneration: new insights into Alzheimer??s disease, Current Opinion in Lipidology, vol.13, issue.3, pp.289-94, 2002.
DOI : 10.1097/00041433-200206000-00009

D. Butterfield, A. Castegna, C. Lauderback, and J. Drake, Evidence that amyloid beta-peptide-induced lipid peroxidation and its sequelae in Alzheimer???s disease brain contribute to neuronal death1, Neurobiology of Aging, vol.23, issue.5, pp.655-64, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0197-4580(01)00340-2

A. Abramov, L. Canevari, and M. Duchen, ??-Amyloid Peptides Induce Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Astrocytes and Death of Neurons through Activation of NADPH Oxidase, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.24, issue.2, pp.565-75, 2004.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4042-03.2004

D. Berlin, G. Chong, H. Chertkow, H. Bergman, N. Phillips et al., Evaluation of HFE (hemochromatosis) mutations as genetic modifiers in sporadic AD and MCI, Neurobiology of Aging, vol.25, issue.4, pp.465-74, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2003.06.008

A. Clarke, Synergy between the C2 allele of transferrin and the C282Y allele of the haemochromatosis gene (HFE) as risk factors for developing Alzheimer's disease, J Med Genet, vol.41, pp.261-266, 2004.

C. Behl and B. Moosmann, Antioxidant neuroprotection in Alzheimer???s disease as preventive and therapeutic approach2 2This article is part of a series of reviews on ???Causes and Consequences of Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer???s Disease.??? The full list of papers may be found on the homepage of the journal., Free Radical Biology and Medicine, vol.33, issue.2, pp.182-91, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0891-5849(02)00883-3

R. Galli, B. Shukitt-hale, K. Youdim, and J. Joseph, Fruit Polyphenolics and Brain Aging, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol.29, issue.1, pp.128-160, 2002.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02089.x

K. Fukui, N. Omoi, T. Hayasaka, T. Shinnkai, S. Suzuki et al., Cognitive Impairment of Rats Caused by Oxidative Stress and Aging, and Its Prevention by Vitamin E, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol.7, issue.1, pp.275-84, 2002.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02099.x

N. Yamazaki, Y. Kiyota, Y. Take, M. Miyamoto, Y. Nagawa et al., Effects of idebenone on memory impairment induced in ischemic and embolization models of cerebrovascular disturbance in rats, Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, vol.8, issue.3, pp.213-237, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/0167-4943(89)90004-6

R. Liu, I. Liu, X. Bi, R. Thompson, S. Doctrow et al., Reversal of age-related learning deficits and brain oxidative stress in mice with superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetics, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.100, issue.14, pp.8526-8557, 2003.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.1332809100

C. Cohen-salmon, P. Venault, B. Martin, M. Raffalli-sebille, M. Barkats et al., Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) on learning and possible actions on aging, Journal of Physiology-Paris, vol.91, issue.6, pp.291-300, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0928-4257(97)82409-6

E. Rogers, S. Milhalik, D. Orthiz, and T. Shea, Apple juice prevents oxidative stress and impaired cognitive performance caused by genetic and dietary deficiencies in mice, J Nutr Health Aging, vol.8, pp.92-99, 2004.

N. Milgram, S. Zicker, E. Head, B. Muggenburg, H. Murphey et al., Dietary enrichment counteracts age-associated cognitive dysfunction in canines, Neurobiology of Aging, vol.23, issue.5, pp.737-782, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0197-4580(02)00020-9

M. Mattson, W. Duan, J. Lee, and Z. Guo, Suppression of brain aging and neurodegenerative disorders by dietary restriction and environmental enrichment: molecular mechanisms, Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, vol.122, issue.7, pp.757-78, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0047-6374(01)00226-3

G. Casadesus, B. Shukitt-hale, and J. Joseph, Qualitative versus quantitative caloric intake: are they equivalent paths to successful aging?, Neurobiology of Aging, vol.23, issue.5, pp.747-69, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0197-4580(02)00079-9

F. Grodstein, J. Chen, and W. Willett, High-dose antioxidant supplements and cognitive function in community-dwelling elderly women, Am J Clin Nutr, vol.77, pp.975-84, 2003.

K. Masaki, K. Losonczy, G. Izmirlian, D. Foley, G. Ross et al., Association of vitamin E and C supplement use with cognitive function and dementia in elderly men, Neurology, vol.54, issue.6, pp.1265-72, 2000.
DOI : 10.1212/WNL.54.6.1265

C. Maxwell, M. Hicks, D. Hogan, J. Basran, and E. Ebly, Supplemental Use of Antioxidant Vitamins and Subsequent Risk of Cognitive Decline and Dementia, Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, vol.20, issue.1, pp.45-51, 2005.
DOI : 10.1159/000085074

M. Paleologos, R. Cumming, and L. R. , Cohort Study of Vitamin C Intake and Cognitive Impairment, American Journal of Epidemiology, vol.148, issue.1, pp.45-50, 1998.
DOI : 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009559

J. Jama, L. Launer, J. Witteman, J. Den-breeijen, M. Breteler et al., Dietary Antioxidants and Cognitive Function in a Population-based Sample of Older Persons: The Rotterdam Study, American Journal of Epidemiology, vol.144, issue.3, pp.275-80, 1996.
DOI : 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008922

C. Gale, C. Martyn, and C. Cooper, Cognitive impairment and mortality in a cohort of elderly people, BMJ, vol.312, issue.7031, pp.608-619, 1996.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.312.7031.608

R. Ortega, A. Requejo, P. Andres, A. Lopez-sobaler, M. Quintas et al., Dietary intake and cognitive function in a group of elderly people, Am J Clin Nutr, vol.66, pp.803-812, 1997.

M. Morris, D. Evans, J. Bienias, C. Tangney, and R. Wilson, Vitamin E and Cognitive Decline in Older Persons, Archives of Neurology, vol.59, issue.7, pp.1125-1157, 2002.
DOI : 10.1001/archneur.59.7.1125

R. Ortega, A. Requejo, A. Lopez-sobaler, P. Andres, B. Navia et al., Cognitive function in elderly people is influenced by vitamin E status, J Nutr, vol.132, pp.2065-2073, 2002.

M. Morris, D. Evans, C. Tangney, J. Bienias, R. Wilson et al., Relation of the tocopherol forms to incident Alzheimer disease and to cognitive change

L. Rue, A. Koehler, K. Wayne, S. Chiulli, S. Haaland et al., Nutritional status and cognitive functioning in a normally aging sample: a 6-y reassessment, Am J Clin Nutr, vol.65, pp.20-29, 1997.

M. Morris, L. Beckett, P. Scherr, L. Hebert, D. Bennett et al., Vitamin E and Vitamin C Supplement Use and Risk of Incident Alzheimer Disease, Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders, vol.12, issue.3, pp.121-127, 1998.
DOI : 10.1097/00002093-199809000-00001

P. Zandi, J. Anthony, A. Khachaturian, S. Stone, D. Gustafson et al., Reduced Risk of Alzheimer Disease in Users of Antioxidant Vitamin Supplements, Archives of Neurology, vol.61, issue.1, pp.82-90, 2004.
DOI : 10.1001/archneur.61.1.82

M. Engelhart, M. Geerlings, A. Ruitenberg, J. Van-swieten, A. Hofman et al., Dietary Intake of Antioxidants and Risk of Alzheimer Disease, JAMA, vol.287, issue.24, pp.3223-3232, 2002.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.287.24.3223

M. Morris, D. Evans, J. Bienias, C. Tangney, D. Bennett et al., Dietary Intake of Antioxidant Nutrients and the Risk of Incident Alzheimer Disease in a Biracial Community Study, JAMA, vol.287, issue.24, pp.3230-3237, 2002.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.287.24.3230

S. Andrieu, S. Gillette, K. Amouyal, F. Nourhashemi, E. Reynish et al., Association of Alzheimer's Disease Onset With Ginkgo Biloba and Other Symptomatic Cognitive Treatments in a Population of Women Aged 75 Years and Older From the EPIDOS Study, The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, vol.58, issue.4, pp.372-379, 2003.
DOI : 10.1093/gerona/58.4.M372

J. Dartigues, L. Carcaillon, C. Helmer, N. Lechevallier, A. Lafuma et al., Vasodilators and Nootropics as Predictors of Dementia and Mortality in the PAQUID Cohort, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, vol.6, issue.(S, 2007.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01084.x
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00173065

J. Orgogozo, J. Dartigues, S. Lafont, L. Letenneur, D. Commenges et al., Wine consumption and dementia in the elderly: a prospective community study in the Bordeaux area, Rev Neurol (Paris), vol.153, pp.185-92, 1997.

S. Lemeshow, L. Letenneur, J. Dartigues, S. Lafont, and J. Orgogozo, Illustration of Analysis Taking into Account Complex Survey Considerations: The Association between Wine Consumption and Dementia in the PAQUID Study, American Journal of Epidemiology, vol.148, issue.3, pp.298-306, 1998.
DOI : 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009639

D. Commenges, V. Scotet, S. Renaud, H. Jacqmin-gadda, P. Barberger-gateau et al., Intake of flavonoids and risk of dementia, European Journal of Epidemiology, vol.16, issue.4, pp.357-63, 2000.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1007614613771

D. Leibovici, K. Ritchie, B. Ledesert, and J. Touchon, The effects of wine and tobacco consumption on cognitive performance in the elderly: a longitudinal study of relative risk, International Journal of Epidemiology, vol.28, issue.1, pp.77-81, 1999.
DOI : 10.1093/ije/28.1.77

T. Truelsen, D. Thudium, and M. Gronbaek, Amount and type of alcohol and risk of dementia: The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Neurology, vol.59, issue.9, pp.1313-1322, 2002.
DOI : 10.1212/01.WNL.0000031421.50369.E7

A. Ruitenberg, J. Van-swieten, J. Witteman, K. Mehta, C. Van-duijn et al., Alcohol consumption and risk of dementia: the Rotterdam Study, The Lancet, vol.359, issue.9303, pp.281-287, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07493-7

K. Mukamal, L. Kuller, A. Fitzpatrick, W. Longstreth, J. Mittleman et al., Prospective Study of Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Dementia in Older Adults, JAMA, vol.289, issue.11, pp.1405-1418, 2003.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.289.11.1405

J. Luchsinger, M. Tang, M. Siddiqui, S. Shea, and R. Mayeux, Alcohol Intake and Risk of Dementia, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, vol.51, issue.4, pp.540-546, 2004.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52159.x

M. Espeland, L. Coker, R. Wallace, S. Rapp, S. Resnick et al., Association between Alcohol Intake and Domain-Specific Cognitive Function in Older Women, Neuroepidemiology, vol.27, issue.1, pp.1-12, 2006.
DOI : 10.1159/000093532

K. Youdim, J. Spencer, H. Schroeter, and C. Rice-evans, Dietary Flavonoids as Potential Neuroprotectants, Biological Chemistry, vol.383, issue.3-4, pp.503-522, 2002.
DOI : 10.1515/BC.2002.052

C. Dufouil, C. Tzourio, C. Brayne, C. Berr, P. Amouyel et al., Influence of Apolipoprotein E Genotype on the Risk of Cognitive Deterioration in Moderate Drinkers and Smokers, Epidemiology, vol.11, issue.3, pp.280-284, 2000.
DOI : 10.1097/00001648-200005000-00009

N. Tanaka, T. Asada, T. Kinoshita, F. Yamashita, and M. Uno, Alcohol consumption and risk of dementia, The Lancet, vol.360, issue.9331, p.491, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09655-1

M. Sano, C. Ernesto, R. Thomas, M. Klauber, K. Schafer et al., A Controlled Trial of Selegiline, Alpha-Tocopherol, or Both as Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.336, issue.17, pp.1216-1238, 1997.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM199704243361704

L. Kilander and M. Ohrvall, Alpha-tocopherol and Alzheimer's disease, N Engl J Med, vol.337, pp.572-575, 1997.

N. Tabet, J. Birks, G. Evans, and J. , Vitamin E for Alzheimer's disease, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2000.

R. Petersen, R. Thomas, M. Grundman, D. Bennett, R. Doody et al., Vitamin E and Donepezil for the Treatment of Mild Cognitive Impairment, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.352, issue.23, pp.2379-88, 2005.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMoa050151

L. Bars, P. Katz, M. Berman, N. Itil, T. Freedman et al., A placebocontrolled , double-blind, randomized trial of an extract of Ginkgo biloba for dementia. North American EGb Study Group, Jama, vol.278, pp.1327-1359, 1997.

S. Kanowski and R. Hoerr, Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 in dementia: intent-to-treat analyses of a 24-week, multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial, Pharmacopsychiatry, vol.36, pp.297-303, 2003.

L. Schneider, S. Dekosky, M. Farlow, P. Tariot, R. Hoerr et al., A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Two Doses of Ginkgo Biloba Extract in Dementia of the Alzheimers Type, Current Alzheimer Research, vol.2, issue.5, pp.541-51, 2005.
DOI : 10.2174/156720505774932287

M. Dongen, E. Van-rossum, A. Kessels, H. Sielhorst, and P. Knipschild, The Efficacy of Ginkgo for Elderly People with Dementia and Age-Associated Memory Impairment: New Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, vol.10, issue.Suppl: 30, pp.1183-94, 2000.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2000.tb02589.x

M. Dongen, E. Van-rossum, A. Kessels, H. Sielhorst, and P. Knipschild, Ginkgo for elderly people with dementia and age-associated memory impairment: a randomized clinical trial, Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, vol.56, issue.4, pp.367-76, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0895-4356(03)00003-9

J. Birks, E. Grimley, and M. Van-dongen, Ginkgo biloba for cognitive impairment and dementia, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, vol.003120, 2002.
DOI : 10.1002/14651858.cd003120.pub2

J. Adair, J. Knoefel, and N. Morgan, Controlled trial of N-acetylcysteine for patients with probable Alzheimer's disease, Neurology, vol.57, issue.8, pp.1515-1522, 2001.
DOI : 10.1212/WNL.57.8.1515

K. Hager, A. Marahrens, M. Kenklies, P. Riederer, and G. Munch, Alpha-lipoic acid as a new treatment option for Azheimer type dementia, Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, vol.32, issue.3, pp.275-282, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-4943(01)00104-2

H. Gutzmann and D. Hadler, Sustained efficacy and safety of idebenone in the treatment of Alzheimer???s disease: update on a 2-year double-blind multicentre study, J Neural Transm, vol.54, pp.301-311, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-7091-7508-8_30

H. Gutzmann, K. Kuhl, D. Hadler, and M. Rapp, Safety and Efficacy of Idebenone versus Tacrine in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease: Results of a Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group Multicenter Study, Pharmacopsychiatry, vol.35, issue.1, pp.12-20, 2002.
DOI : 10.1055/s-2002-19833

G. Weyer, H. Erzgkeit, D. Hadler, and S. Kubicki, Efficacy and safety of idebenone in the long-term treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: a double-blind, placebo controlled multicentre study, Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental, vol.6, issue.1, pp.53-65, 1996.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1077(199601)11:1<53::AID-HUP761>3.0.CO;2-G

G. Weyer, R. Babej-dolle, D. Hadler, S. Hofmann, and W. Herrmann, A Controlled Study of 2 Doses of Idebenone in the Treatment of Alzheimer???s Disease, Neuropsychobiology, vol.36, issue.2, pp.73-82, 1997.
DOI : 10.1159/000119366

L. Thal, M. Grundman, J. Berg, K. Ernstrom, R. Margolin et al., Idebenone treatment fails to slow cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease, Neurology, vol.61, issue.11, pp.1498-502, 2003.
DOI : 10.1212/01.WNL.0000096376.03678.C1

C. Mclachlan, D. Dalton, A. Kruck, T. Bell, M. Smith et al., Intramuscular desferrioxamine in patients with Alzheimer's disease, The Lancet, vol.337, issue.8753, pp.1304-1312, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0140-6736(91)92978-B

B. Regland, W. Lehmann, I. Abedini, K. Blennow, M. Jonsson et al., Treatment of Alzheimer???s Disease with Clioquinol, Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, vol.12, issue.6, pp.408-422, 2001.
DOI : 10.1159/000051288

C. Ritchie, A. Bush, A. Mackinnon, S. Macfarlane, M. Mastwyk et al., Metal-Protein Attenuation With Iodochlorhydroxyquin (Clioquinol) Targeting A?? Amyloid Deposition and Toxicity in Alzheimer Disease, Archives of Neurology, vol.60, issue.12, pp.1685-91, 2003.
DOI : 10.1001/archneur.60.12.1685

M. Wolters, M. Hickstein, A. Flintermann, U. Tewes, and A. Hahn, Cognitive performance in relation to vitamin status in healthy elderly German women???the effect of 6-month multivitamin supplementation, Preventive Medicine, vol.41, issue.1, pp.253-262, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.11.007

J. Mix, W. Crews, and J. , extract EGb 761?? in a sample of cognitively intact older adults: neuropsychological findings, Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental, vol.2, issue.89, pp.267-77, 2002.
DOI : 10.1002/hup.412

P. Solomon, F. Adams, A. Silver, J. Zimmer, and R. Deveaux, Ginkgo for Memory Enhancement, JAMA, vol.288, issue.7, pp.835-875, 2002.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.288.7.835

A. Martin, A. Cherubini, C. Andres-lacueva, M. Paniagua, and J. Joseph, Effects of fruits and vegetables on levels of vitamins E and C in the brain and their association with cognitive performance, J Nutr Health Aging, vol.6, pp.392-404, 2002.

Q. Dai, A. Borenstein, Y. Wu, J. Jackson, and E. Larson, Fruit and Vegetable Juices and Alzheimer???s Disease: The Kame Project, The American Journal of Medicine, vol.119, issue.9, pp.751-760, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.03.045

K. Yaffe, T. Clemons, W. Mcbee, and A. Lindblad, Impact of antioxidants, zinc, and copper on cognition in the elderly: a randomized, controlled trial, Neurology, vol.63, pp.1705-1712, 2004.

E. Rimm, M. Stampfer, A. Ascherio, E. Giovannucci, G. Colditz et al., Vitamin E Consumption and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Men, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.328, issue.20, pp.1450-1456, 1993.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM199305203282004

M. Stampfer, C. Hennekens, J. Manson, G. Colditz, B. Rosner et al., Vitamin E Consumption and the Risk of Coronary Disease in Women, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.328, issue.20, pp.1444-1453, 1993.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM199305203282003

V. Bowry, K. Ingold, and R. Stocker, Vitamin E in human low-density lipoprotein. When and how this antioxidant becomes a pro-oxidant, Biochemical Journal, vol.288, issue.2, pp.341-345, 1992.
DOI : 10.1042/bj2880341

I. Podmore, H. Griffiths, K. Herbert, N. Mistry, P. Mistry et al., Vitamin C exhibits pro-oxidant properties, Nature, vol.392, issue.6676, p.559, 1998.
DOI : 10.1038/33308

B. Halliwell, The antioxidant paradox, The Lancet, vol.355, issue.9210, pp.1179-80, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02075-4

S. 116-christen, A. Woodall, M. Shigenaga, P. Southwell-keely, M. Duncan et al., ??-Tocopherol traps mutagenic electrophiles such as NOx and complements ??-tocopherol: Physiological implications, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.94, issue.7, pp.3217-3239, 1997.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.94.7.3217

C. Tangney, J. Bienias, D. Evans, and M. Morris, Reasonable estimates of serum vitamin E, vitamin C, and beta-cryptoxanthin are obtained with a food frequency questionnaire in older black and white adults, J Nutr, vol.134, pp.927-961, 2004.

S. Riviere, S. Lauque, and B. Vellas, Health promotion programme: nutrition and Alzheimer's disease, J Nutr Health Aging, vol.2, pp.101-107, 1998.

M. Meydani, Antioxidants in the Prevention of Chronic Diseases, Nutrition in Clinical Care, vol.27, issue.suppl, pp.47-56, 2002.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1523-5408.2002.00002.x

T. Shea, E. Rogers, D. Ashline, D. Ortiz, and M. Sheu, Apolipoprotein E deficiency promotes increased oxidative stress and compensatory increases in antioxidants in brain tissue, Free Radical Biology and Medicine, vol.33, issue.8, pp.1115-1135, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0891-5849(02)01001-8

A. 121-mccaddon, P. Hudson, D. Hill, J. Barber, A. Lloyd et al., Alzheimer???s disease and total plasma aminothiols, Biological Psychiatry, vol.53, issue.3, pp.254-60, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-3223(02)01451-8

M. Miyata and J. Smith, Apolipoprotein E allele???specific antioxidant activity and effects on cytotoxicity by oxidative insults and ?????amyloid peptides, Nature Genetics, vol.263, issue.1, pp.55-61, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0076-6879(78)52032-6

W. Willett and M. Stampfer, What Vitamins Should I Be Taking, Doctor?, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.345, issue.25, pp.1819-1843, 2001.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMcp010710

E. Lonn, J. Bosch, S. Yusuf, P. Sheridan, J. Pogue et al., Effects of long-term vitamin E supplementation on cardiovascular events and cancer: a randomized controlled trial, Jama, vol.293, pp.1338-1385, 2005.

I. Lee, N. Cook, J. Gaziano, D. Gordon, P. Ridker et al., Vitamin E in the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer, JAMA, vol.294, issue.1, pp.56-65, 2005.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.294.1.56

D. Laurin, K. Masaki, D. Foley, L. White, and L. Launer, Midlife Dietary Intake of Antioxidants and Risk of Late-Life Incident Dementia: The Honolulu-Asia Aging Study, American Journal of Epidemiology, vol.159, issue.10, pp.959-67, 2004.
DOI : 10.1093/aje/kwh124

B. Shukitt-hale, D. Smith, M. Meydani, and J. Joseph, The effects of dietary antioxidants on psychomotor performance in aged mice, Experimental Gerontology, vol.34, issue.6, pp.797-808, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0531-5565(99)00039-X

S. Sung, Y. Yao, K. Uryu, H. Yang, V. Lee et al., Early vitamin E supplementation in young but not aged mice reduces Abeta levels and amyloid deposition in a transgenic model of Alzheimer's disease, Faseb J, vol.18, pp.323-328, 2004.

M. Ancelin and K. Ritchie, Lifelong Endocrine Fluctuations and Related Cognitive Disorders, Current Pharmaceutical Design, vol.11, issue.32, pp.4229-52, 2005.
DOI : 10.2174/138161205774913228
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00243083

J. Saver and M. Kalafut, Combination Therapies and the Theoretical Limits of Evidence-Based Medicine, Neuroepidemiology, vol.20, issue.2, pp.57-64, 2001.
DOI : 10.1159/000054762

B. Vellas, S. Andrieu, P. Ousset, M. Ouzid, and H. Mathiex-fortunet, The GuidAge study: Methodological issues. A 5-year double-blind randomized trial of the efficacy of EGb 761(R) for prevention of Alzheimer disease in patients over 70 with a memory complaint, Neurology, vol.67, issue.Issue 9, Supplement 3, pp.6-11, 2006.
DOI : 10.1212/WNL.67.9_suppl_3.S6

K. Youdim and J. Joseph, A possible emerging role of phytochemicals in improving age-related neurological dysfunctions: a multiplicity of effects, Free Radical Biology and Medicine, vol.30, issue.6, pp.583-94, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0891-5849(00)00510-4

P. Hollman and M. Katan, Absorption, metabolism, and bioavailability of flavonoids Flavonoids in health and disease, pp.483-522, 1998.

C. Watanabe, S. Wolffram, P. Ader, G. Rimbach, L. Packer et al., The in vivo neuromodulatory effects of the herbal medicine ginkgo biloba, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.98, issue.12, pp.6577-80, 2001.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.111126298

F. Longpré, P. Garneau, Y. Christen, and C. Ramassamy, Protection by EGb 761 against the beta-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity: involvement of NF-kappaB, SIRT1, MAPKs pathways and inhibition of the amyloid fibrils formation, Free Rad Biol Med, 2006.

G. Rimbach, S. Wolffram, C. Watanabe, L. Packer, and K. Gohil, Effect of Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761) on differential gene expression, Pharmacopsychiatry, vol.36, issue.1, pp.95-104, 2003.

F. Defeudis, Effects ofGinkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) on gene expression: Possible relevance to neurological disorders and age-associated cognitive impairment, Drug Development Research, vol.21, issue.4, pp.214-235, 2002.
DOI : 10.1002/ddr.10151

H. Allain, R. P. Lieury, A. Lecoz, F. Gandon, and J. , Arbigny P: Effect of two doses of ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) on the dual-coding test in elderly subjects, Clin Ther, vol.15, pp.549-58, 1993.

Y. Christen, Ginkgo biloba: from traditional medicine to molecular biology Herbal and traditional medicine: molecular basis in health and disease managment, pp.154-164, 2004.

A. Sinclair, A. Bayer, J. Johnston, C. Warner, and S. Maxwell, Altered plasma antioxidant status in subjects with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia, International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, vol.21, issue.12, pp.840-845, 1998.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1166(1998120)13:12<840::AID-GPS877>3.0.CO;2-R

C. Foy, A. Passmore, M. Vahidassr, I. Young, and J. Lawson, Plasma chain-breaking antioxidants in Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia and Parkinson's disease, QJM, vol.92, issue.1, pp.39-45, 1999.
DOI : 10.1093/qjmed/92.1.39

A. Decamps and B. Reignier, Antioxidant defences and oxidative stress markers in erythrocytes and plasma from normally nourished elderly Alzheimer patients, Age Ageing, vol.30, pp.235-276, 2001.

M. Polidori and P. Mecocci, Plasma susceptibility to free radical-induced antioxidant consumption and lipid peroxidation is increased in very old subjects with Alzheimer disease, Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol.4, issue.6, pp.517-539, 2002.
DOI : 10.3233/JAD-2002-4608

C. Helmer, E. Peuchant, L. Letenneur, I. Bourdel-marchasson, S. Larrieu et al., Association between antioxidant nutritional indicators and the incidence of dementia: results from the PAQUID prospective cohort study, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol.57, issue.12, pp.1555-61, 2003.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601724

M. Engelhart, M. Geerlings, J. Meijer, A. Kiliaan, A. Ruitenberg et al., Inflammatory Proteins in Plasma and the Risk of Dementia, Archives of Neurology, vol.61, issue.5, pp.668-72, 2004.
DOI : 10.1001/archneur.61.5.668

A. Cherubini, A. Martin, C. Andres-lacueva, D. Iorio, A. Lamponi et al., Vitamin E levels, cognitive impairment and dementia in older persons: the InCHIANTI study, Neurobiology of Aging, vol.26, issue.7, pp.987-94, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2004.09.002

S. Riviere, I. Birlouez-aragon, and B. Vellas, Plasma protein glycation in Alzheimer's disease

S. Schippling, A. Kontush, S. Arlt, C. Buhmann, H. Sturenburg et al., Increased lipoprotein oxidation in alzheimer???s disease, Free Radical Biology and Medicine, vol.28, issue.3, pp.351-60, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0891-5849(99)00247-6

D. Ryglewicz, M. Rodo, P. Kunicki, M. Bednarska-makaruk, A. Graban et al., Plasma antioxidant activity and vascular dementia, Journal of the Neurological Sciences, vol.203, issue.204, pp.203-204195, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-510X(02)00290-3

R. Schmidt, M. Hayn, B. Reinhart, G. Roob, H. Schmidt et al., Plasma Antioxidants and Cognitive Performance in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Results of the Austrian Stroke Prevention Study, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, vol.271, issue.suppl 4, pp.1407-1417, 1998.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1998.tb06008.x

A. Perkins, H. Hendrie, C. Callahan, S. Gao, F. Unverzagt et al., Association of Antioxidants with Memory in a Multiethnic Elderly Sample Using the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, American Journal of Epidemiology, vol.150, issue.1, pp.37-44, 1999.
DOI : 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009915

W. Perrig, P. Perrig, and H. Stahelin, The Relation Between Antioxidants and Memory Performance in the Old and Very Old, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, vol.570, issue.21, pp.718-742, 1997.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1997.tb01476.x

R. Lindeman, L. Romero, K. Koehler, H. Liang, A. Larue et al., , C and Folate Concentrations in the New Mexico Elder Health Survey: Correlations with Cognitive and Affective Functions, Journal of the American College of Nutrition, vol.60, issue.1, pp.68-76, 2000.
DOI : 10.1080/07315724.2000.10718916

F. Jimenez-jimenez, J. Molina, F. De-bustos, M. Orti-pareja, J. Benito-leon et al., Serum levels of beta-carotene, alpha-carotene and vitamin A in patients with Alzheimer's disease, European Journal of Neurology, vol.21, issue.1, pp.495-502, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/0197-4580(95)00066-N

I. 158-ceballos-picot, M. Merad-boudia, N. A. Thevenin, M. Hellier, G. Legrain et al., Peripheral antioxidant enzyme activities and selenium in elderly subjects and in dementia of Alzheimer's type???Place of the extracellular glutathione peroxidase, Free Radical Biology and Medicine, vol.20, issue.4, pp.579-87, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0891-5849(95)02058-6

M. Gouabau, Plasma levels of 8-epiPGF2alpha, an in vivo marker of oxidative stress, are not affected by aging or Alzheimer's disease, Free Radic Biol Med, vol.27, pp.463-472, 1999.

E. Kawamoto, C. Munhoz, I. Glezer, V. Bahia, P. Caramelli et al., Oxidative state in platelets and erythrocytes in aging and Alzheimer's disease, Neurobiology of Aging, vol.26, issue.6, pp.857-64, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2004.08.011

L. Migliore, I. Fontana, F. Trippi, R. Colognato, F. Coppede et al., Oxidative DNA damage in peripheral leukocytes of mild cognitive impairment and AD patients, Neurobiology of Aging, vol.26, issue.5, pp.567-73, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2004.07.016

J. Snaedal, J. Kristinsson, S. Gunnarsdottir, . Olafsdottir, M. Baldvinsson et al., Copper, Ceruloplasmin and Superoxide Dismutase in Patients with Alzheimer???s Disease, Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, vol.9, issue.5, pp.239-281, 1998.
DOI : 10.1159/000017067

L. Roberts, T. Montine, W. Markesbery, A. Tapper, P. Hardy et al., Formation of Isoprostane-like Compounds (Neuroprostanes) in Vivo from Docosahexaenoic Acid, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.273, issue.22, pp.13605-13617, 1998.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.273.22.13605

D. Pratico, V. Myl, J. Trojanowski, J. Rokach, and G. Fitzgerald, Increased F2- isoprostanes in Alzheimer's disease: evidence for enhanced lipid peroxidation in vivo

T. Montine, W. Markesbery, W. Zackert, S. Sanchez, L. Roberts et al., The Magnitude of Brain Lipid Peroxidation Correlates with the Extent of Degeneration but Not with Density of Neuritic Plaques or Neurofibrillary Tangles or with APOE Genotype in Alzheimer's Disease Patients, The American Journal of Pathology, vol.155, issue.3, pp.863-871, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)65185-1

T. Montine, M. Beal, M. Cudkowicz, O. Donnell, H. Margolin et al., Increased CSF F2-isoprostane concentration in probable AD, Neurology, vol.52, issue.3, pp.562-567, 1999.
DOI : 10.1212/WNL.52.3.562

M. Lovell, W. Ehmann, M. Mattson, and W. Markesbery, Elevated 4-Hydroxynonenal in Ventricular Fluid in Alzheimer???s Disease, Neurobiology of Aging, vol.18, issue.5, pp.457-61, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0197-4580(97)00108-5

K. Hensley, N. Hall, R. Subramaniam, P. Cole, M. Harris et al., Brain Regional Correspondence Between Alzheimer's Disease Histopathology and Biomarkers of Protein Oxidation, Journal of Neurochemistry, vol.65, issue.5, pp.2146-56, 1995.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.65052146.x

K. Hensley, M. Maidt, Z. Yu, H. Sang, W. Markesbery et al., Electrochemical analysis of protein nitrotyrosine and dityrosine in the Alzheimer brain indicates regionspecific accumulation, J Neurosci, vol.18, pp.8126-8158, 1998.

M. Lovell, S. Gabbita, and W. Markesbery, Increased DNA Oxidation and Decreased Levels of Repair Products in Alzheimer's Disease Ventricular CSF, Journal of Neurochemistry, vol.89, issue.2, pp.771-777, 1999.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0720771.x

M. Lovell and W. Markesbery, Ratio of 8-Hydroxyguanine in Intact DNA to Free 8-Hydroxyguanine Is Increased in Alzheimer Disease Ventricular Cerebrospinal Fluid, Archives of Neurology, vol.58, issue.3, pp.392-398, 2001.
DOI : 10.1001/archneur.58.3.392

N. Ahmed, U. Ahmed, P. Thornalley, K. Hager, G. Fleischer et al., Protein glycation, oxidation and nitration adduct residues and free adducts of cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimer's disease and link to cognitive impairment, Journal of Neurochemistry, vol.100, issue.2, pp.255-63, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-8993(01)02872-4

L. Mcintosh, M. Trush, and J. Troncoso, Increased Susceptibility of Alzheimer's Disease Temporal Cortex to Oxygen Free Radical-Mediated Processes, Free Radical Biology and Medicine, vol.23, issue.2, pp.183-90, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0891-5849(96)00573-4

M. Hayn, K. Kremser, N. Singewald, N. Cairns, M. Nemethova et al., Evidence against the involvement of reactive oxygen species in the pathogenesis of neuronal death in down's syndrome and Alzheimer's Disease, Life Sciences, vol.59, issue.7, pp.537-581, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0024-3205(96)00334-7

L. Lyras, N. Cairns, A. Jenner, P. Jenner, and B. Halliwell, An Assessment of Oxidative Damage to Proteins, Lipids, and DNA in Brain from Patients with Alzheimer's Disease, Journal of Neurochemistry, vol.68, issue.5, pp.2061-2070, 1997.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.68052061.x

M. Lovell, W. Ehmann, S. Butler, and W. Markesbery, Elevated thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and antioxidant enzyme activity in the brain in Alzheimer's disease, Neurology, vol.45, issue.8, pp.1594-601, 1995.
DOI : 10.1212/WNL.45.8.1594

D. Marcus, C. Thomas, C. Rodriguez, K. Simberkoff, J. Tsai et al., Increased Peroxidation and Reduced Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in Alzheimer's Disease, Experimental Neurology, vol.150, issue.1
DOI : 10.1006/exnr.1997.6750

J. Nourooz-zadeh, E. Liu, B. Yhlen, E. Anggard, and B. Halliwell, F4 - Isoprostanes as Specific Marker of Docosahexaenoic Acid Peroxidation in Alzheimer's Disease, Journal of Neurochemistry, vol.26, issue.2, pp.734-774, 1999.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0720734.x

E. Reich, W. Markesbery, L. Roberts, L. Swift, J. Morrow et al., Brain Regional Quantification of F-Ring and D-/E-Ring Isoprostanes and Neuroprostanes in Alzheimer???s Disease, The American Journal of Pathology, vol.158, issue.1, pp.293-300, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63968-5

W. Markesbery and M. Lovell, Four-Hydroxynonenal, a Product of Lipid Peroxidation, is Increased in the Brain in Alzheimer???s Disease, Neurobiology of Aging, vol.19, issue.1, pp.33-39, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0197-4580(98)00009-8

M. Prasad, M. Lovell, M. Yatin, H. Dhillon, and W. Markesbery, Regional membrane phospholipid alterations in Alzheimer's disease, Neurochemical Research, vol.23, issue.1, pp.81-89, 1998.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1022457605436

S. Gabbita, M. Lovell, and W. Markesbery, Increased Nuclear DNA Oxidation in the Brain in Alzheimer's Disease, Journal of Neurochemistry, vol.71, issue.5, pp.2034-2074, 1998.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.71052034.x

W. Gsell, R. Conrad, M. Hickethier, E. Sofic, L. Frolich et al., Decreased Catalase Activity but Unchanged Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Brains of Patients with Dementia of Alzheimer Type, Journal of Neurochemistry, vol.64, issue.3, pp.1216-1239, 1995.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.64031216.x

A. Mendelsohn, S. Belle, G. Stoehr, and M. Ganguli, Use of Antioxidant Supplements and Its Association with Cognitive Function in a Rural Elderly Cohort: The MoVIES Project, American Journal of Epidemiology, vol.148, issue.1, pp.38-44, 1998.
DOI : 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009556

S. Kalmijn, E. Feskens, L. Launer, and D. Kromhout, Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Antioxidants, and Cognitive Function in Very Old Men, American Journal of Epidemiology, vol.145, issue.1, pp.33-41, 1997.
DOI : 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009029

J. Peacock, A. Folsom, D. Knopman, T. Mosley, D. Goff et al., Szklo M: Dietary antioxidant intake and cognitive performance in middle-aged adults. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study investigators, Public Health Nutr, vol.3, pp.337-380, 2000.

D. Laurin, D. Foley, K. Masaki, L. White, and L. Launer, Vitamin E and C Supplements and Risk of Dementia, JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, vol.288, issue.18, pp.2266-2274, 2002.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.288.18.2266

G. Fillenbaum, M. Kuchibhatla, J. Hanlon, M. Artz, C. Pieper et al., Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease in Community-Dwelling Elders Taking Vitamin C and/or Vitamin E, Annals of Pharmacotherapy, vol.2, issue.1, pp.2009-2023, 2005.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMoa050151