J. Barzilay, L. Abraham, S. Heckbert, M. Cushman, L. Kuller et al., The Relation of Markers of Inflammation to the Development of Glucose Disorders in the Elderly: The Cardiovascular Health Study, Diabetes, vol.50, issue.10, pp.2384-2393, 2001.
DOI : 10.2337/diabetes.50.10.2384

A. Pradhan, J. Manson, N. Rifai, J. Buring, and P. Ridker, C-Reactive Protein, Interleukin 6, and Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, JAMA, vol.286, issue.3, pp.327-361, 2001.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.286.3.327

P. Ridker, J. Buring, N. Cook, and N. Rifai, C-reactive protein, the metabolic syndrome, and risk of incident cardiovascular events: an 8-year follow, p.14

M. Rutter, J. Meigs, L. Sullivan, D. Agostino, R. Sr et al., C-reactive protein, the metabolic syndrome, and prediction of cardiovascular events in the Framingham Offspring Study. Circulation, pp.380-385, 2004.

S. Venugopal, . Kumar, . Devaraj, . Sridevi, and . Jialal, Effect of C-reactive protein on vascular cells: evidence for a proinflammatory, proatherogenic role, Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension, vol.14, issue.1, pp.33-37, 2005.
DOI : 10.1097/00041552-200501000-00006

T. Strandberg and R. Tilvis, C-Reactive Protein, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Mortality in a Prospective Study in the Elderly, Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, vol.20, issue.4, pp.1057-60, 2000.
DOI : 10.1161/01.ATV.20.4.1057

O. Chenillot, J. Henny, J. Steinmetz, B. Herbeth, C. Wagner et al., High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein: Biological Variations and Reference Limits, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, vol.38, issue.10, pp.1003-1014, 2000.
DOI : 10.1515/CCLM.2000.149

D. Il-'yasova, L. Colbert, T. Harris, A. Newman, D. Bauer et al., Circulating Levels of Inflammatory Markers and Cancer Risk in the Health Aging and Body Composition Cohort, Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, vol.14, issue.10, pp.2413-2421, 2005.
DOI : 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0316

T. Harris, L. Ferrucci, R. Tracy, M. Corti, S. Wacholder et al., Associations of elevated interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels with mortality in the elderly, Am J Med, 1999.

D. Taaffe, T. Harris, L. Ferrucci, J. Rowe, and T. Seeman, Cross-sectional and Prospective Relationships of Interleukin-6 and C-Reactive Protein With Physical Performance in Elderly Persons: MacArthur Studies of Successful Aging, The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, vol.55, issue.12, pp.709-724, 2000.
DOI : 10.1093/gerona/55.12.M709

M. Cankurtaran, M. Halil, B. Yavuz, N. Dagli, B. Oyan et al., Prevalence and correlates of metabolic syndrome (MS) in older adults, Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, vol.42, issue.1, pp.35-45, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.archger.2005.05.004

C. Delcourt, J. Diaz, A. Ponton-sanchez, L. Papoz, and . Group, Smoking and Age-related Macular Degeneration, Archives of Ophthalmology, vol.116, issue.8, pp.1031-1036, 1998.
DOI : 10.1001/archopht.116.8.1031

A. Dupuy, S. Badiou, B. Descomps, and J. Cristol, Immunoturbidimetric Determination of C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and High-Sensitivity CRP on Heparin Plasma. Comparison with Serum Determination, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, vol.41, issue.7, 2003.
DOI : 10.1515/CCLM.2003.144

I. Ockene, C. Matthews, N. Rifai, P. Ridker, G. Reed et al., Variability and classification accuracy of serial high-sensitivity C-reactive protein measurements in healthy adults, Clin Chem, vol.47, issue.3, pp.444-50, 2001.

P. Ridker and N. Cook, Clinical usefulness of very high and very low levels of Creactive protein across the full range of Framingham Risk Scores. Circulation, pp.1955-1964, 2004.

R. Defay, C. Delcourt, M. Ranvier, A. Lacroux, and L. Papoz, Relationships between physical activity, obesity and diabetes mellitus in a French elderly population: the POLA study, International Journal of Obesity, vol.25, issue.4, pp.512-520, 2001.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801570

M. Stern, K. Williams, C. Gonzalez-villalpando, K. Hunt, and S. Haffner, Does the metabolic syndrome improve identification of individuals at risk of type 2

R. Kahn, J. Buse, E. Ferrannini, and M. Stern, American Diabetes Association; European Association for the Study of Diabetes. The metabolic syndrome: time for a critical appraisal: joint statement from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes Diabetes Care, 2005.

K. Alberti and P. Zimmet, Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Provisional report of a WHO Consultation, Diabetic Medicine, vol.15, issue.7, pp.539-553, 1998.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9136(199807)15:7<539::AID-DIA668>3.0.CO;2-S

D. Laaksonen, L. Niskanen, K. Nyyssonen, K. Punnonen, T. Tuomainen et al., C-reactive protein and the development of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes in middle-aged men. Diabetologia, 2004.

M. Stern, K. Williams, C. Gonzalez-villalpando, K. Hunt, and S. Haffner, Does the metabolic syndrome improve identification of individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease? Diabetes Care, pp.2676-81, 2004.

P. Wilson, D. Agostino, R. Levy, D. Belanger, A. Silbershatz et al., Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories. Circulation, pp.1837-1884, 1998.

W. Rathmann, B. Haastert, A. Icks, G. Giani, R. Holle et al., Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the elderly population according to IDF, WHO, and NCEP definitions and associations with C-reactive protein: the KORA Survey Diabetes Care, Feb, vol.29, issue.2, p.461, 2000.

A. Scuteri, S. Najjar, C. Morrell, and E. Lakatta, Cardiovascular Health Study. The metabolic syndrome in older individuals: prevalence and prediction of cardiovascular events: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Diabetes Care, 2005.

B. Balkau and M. Charles, Comment on the provisional report from the WHO consultation. European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance (EGIR), Diabet Med, vol.16, issue.5, pp.442-445, 1999.

J. Ascaso, P. Romero, J. Real, R. Lorente, J. Marti-;-nez-valls et al., Abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome in a southern European population, European Journal of Internal Medicine, vol.14, issue.2, pp.101-106, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0953-6205(03)00022-0

B. Balkau, An epidemiologic survey from a network of French Health Examination Centres): epidemiologic data on the insulin resistance syndrome]. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique, pp.373-378, 1996.

E. Ford, W. Giles, and W. Dietz, Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome Among US Adults, JAMA, vol.287, issue.3, pp.356-365, 2002.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.287.3.356

C. Scott, Diagnosis, prevention, and intervention for the metabolic syndrome, The American Journal of Cardiology, vol.92, issue.1
DOI : 10.1016/S0002-9149(03)00507-1

R. Tapp, B. Balkau, J. Shaw, P. Valensi, M. Cailleau et al., On behalf of the DESIR study group. Association of glucose metabolism, smoking and cardiovascular risk factors with incident peripheral arterial disease: The DESIR study, Atherosclerosis, 2006.

T. Han, N. Sattar, K. Williams, C. Gonzalez-villalpando, M. Lean et al., Prospective study of C-reactive protein in relation to the development of diabetes and metabolic syndrome in the Mexico City Diabetes Study. Diabetes Care, pp.2016-2037, 2002.

M. Frohlich, A. Imhof, G. Berg, W. Hutchinson, M. Pepys et al., Association between C-reactive protein and features of the metabolic syndrome: a population-based study, Diabetes Care, vol.23, issue.12
DOI : 10.2337/diacare.23.12.1835

P. Black, The inflammatory response is an integral part of the stress response: Implications for atherosclerosis, insulin resistance, type II diabetes and metabolic syndrome X, Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, vol.17, issue.5, pp.350-64, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0889-1591(03)00048-5

S. Haffner and H. Cassells, Metabolic syndrome -a new risk factor of coronary heart disease? Diabetes Obes Metab, pp.359-70, 2003.

A. Festa, D. Agostino, R. Jr, K. Williams, A. Karter et al., The relation of body fat mass and distribution to markers of chronic inflammation, International Journal of Obesity, vol.25, issue.10, pp.1407-1422, 2001.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801792

J. Despres, Intra-abdominal obesity: an untreated risk factor for Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, Endocrinol Invest. Review, vol.29, issue.3, pp.77-82, 2006.

J. Despres, Is visceral obesity the cause of the metabolic syndrome?, Annals of Medicine, vol.322, issue.1, pp.52-63, 2006.
DOI : 10.2337/diabetes.48.4.839

D. Aronson, P. Bartha, O. Zinder, A. Kerner, W. Markiewicz et al., Obesity is the major determinant of elevated C-reactive protein in subjects with the metabolic syndrome, International Journal of Obesity, vol.28, issue.5, 2004.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802609

A. Santos, C. Lopes, J. Guimaraes, and H. Barros, Central obesity as a major determinant of increased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in metabolic syndrome, International Journal of Obesity, vol.109, issue.12, pp.1452-1458, 2005.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803035

K. Choi, J. Lee, K. Lee, J. Seo, J. Oh et al., Comparison of serum concentrations of C-reactive protein, TNF-??, and interleukin 6 between elderly Korean women with normal and impaired glucose tolerance, Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, vol.64, issue.2, pp.99-106, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.diabres.2003.10.007

R. Tracy, R. Lemaitre, B. Psaty, D. Ives, R. Evans et al., Relationship of C-Reactive Protein to Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in the Elderly: Results From the Cardiovascular Health Study and the Rural Health Promotion Project, Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, vol.17, issue.6, 1997.
DOI : 10.1161/01.ATV.17.6.1121

M. Mendall, P. Patel, L. Ballam, D. Strachan, and T. Northfield, C Reactive protein and its relation to cardiovascular risk factors: a population based cross sectional study, BMJ, vol.312, issue.7038, pp.1061-1066, 1996.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.312.7038.1061

L. Rohde, C. Hennekens, and P. Ridker, Survey of C-reactive protein and cardiovascular risk factors in apparently healthy men, The American Journal of Cardiology, vol.84, issue.9, pp.1018-1040, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0002-9149(99)00491-9

C. Chae, R. Lee, N. Rifai, and P. Ridker, Blood Pressure and Inflammation in Apparently Healthy Men, Hypertension, vol.38, issue.3, pp.399-403, 2001.
DOI : 10.1161/01.HYP.38.3.399

L. Bazzano, J. He, P. Muntner, S. Vupputuri, and P. Whelton, Relationship between cigarette smoking and novel risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the United States, ACC Current Journal Review, vol.12, issue.5, pp.891-898, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/j.accreview.2003.08.037

W. Koenig, M. Sund, M. Frohlich, H. Fischer, H. Lowel et al., C-Reactive protein, a sensitive marker of inflammation, predicts future risk of coronary heart disease in initially healthy middle-aged men: results from the MONICA (Monitoring Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease) Augsburg Cohort Study, Circulation, 1984.

P. Jousilahti, V. Salomaa, V. Rasi, E. Vahtera, and T. Palosuo, Association of markers of systemic inflammation, C reactive protein, serum amyloid A, and fibrinogen, with socioeconomic status, Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, vol.57, issue.9, pp.730-733, 2003.
DOI : 10.1136/jech.57.9.730

C. Lyon, R. Law, and W. Hsueh, Minireview: Adiposity, Inflammation, and Atherogenesis, Endocrinology, vol.144, issue.6, pp.2195-200, 2003.
DOI : 10.1210/en.2003-0285

E. Ferrannini and A. Natali, Essential hypertension, metabolic disorders, and insulin resistance, American Heart Journal, vol.121, issue.4, pp.1274-82, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0002-8703(91)90433-I

R. Gray, R. Fabsitz, L. Cowan, E. Lee, B. Howard et al., Risk Factor Clustering in the Insulin Resistance Syndrome: The Strong Heart Study, American Journal of Epidemiology, vol.148, issue.9, pp.869-78, 1998.
DOI : 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009712

K. Raikkonen, R. Lassila, L. Keltikangas-jarvinen, and A. Hautanen, Association of Chronic Stress With Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor??1 in Healthy Middle-aged Men, Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, vol.16, issue.3, pp.363-370, 1996.
DOI : 10.1161/01.ATV.16.3.363

I. Jialal, S. Devaraj, and S. Venugopal, C-Reactive Protein: Risk Marker or Mediator in Atherothrombosis?, Hypertension, vol.44, issue.1, pp.6-11, 2004.
DOI : 10.1161/01.HYP.0000130484.20501.df

S. Das, M. Shahmanesh, M. Stolinski, F. Shojaee-moradie, W. Jefferson et al., In treatment-naive and antiretroviral-treated subjects with HIV, reduced plasma adiponectin is associated with a reduced fractional clearance rate of VLDL, IDL and LDL apolipoprotein B-100. Diabetologia, pp.538-580, 2006.

P. Calabro, D. Chang, J. Willerson, and E. Yeh, Release of C-Reactive Protein in Response to Inflammatory Cytokines by Human Adipocytes: Linking Obesity to Vascular Inflammation, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol.46, issue.6, pp.1112-1115, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.06.017

J. Yudkin, C. Stehouwer, J. Emeis, and S. Coppack, C-Reactive Protein in Healthy Subjects: Associations With Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Endothelial Dysfunction : A Potential Role for Cytokines Originating From Adipose Tissue?, Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, vol.19, issue.4, pp.972-980, 1999.
DOI : 10.1161/01.ATV.19.4.972

K. Hotta, T. Funahashi, and Y. Arita, Plasma concentrations of a novel, adipose-specific protein, adiponectin

N. Ouchi, S. Kihara, T. Funahashi, T. Nakamura, M. Nishida et al., Reciprocal Association of C-Reactive Protein With Adiponectin in Blood Stream and Adipose Tissue, Circulation, vol.107, issue.5, 2003.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.0000055188.83694.B3

A. Hingorani and S. Humphries, Nature's randomised trials, The Lancet, vol.366, issue.9501, pp.1906-1914, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67767-7

N. Sattar, A. Gaw, O. Scherbakova, I. Ford, O. Reilly et al., Metabolic Syndrome With and Without C-Reactive Protein as a Predictor of Coronary Heart Disease and Diabetes in the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study, Circulation, vol.108, issue.4, 2003.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.0000080897.52664.94