A. Egberink and . Holy, Antiretrovirus activity of a novel class of acyclic 7 pyrimidine nucleoside phosphonates, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, vol.46, pp.2185-93, 2002.

M. N. Brunelle, A. C. Jacquard, C. Pichoud, D. Durantel, S. Carrouee-durantel et al., Susceptibility to antivirals of a human HBV strain with mutations conferring resistance to both lamivudine and adefovir, Hepatology, vol.64, issue.6, pp.1391-1399, 2005.
DOI : 10.1002/hep.20723

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00133179

G. Schiff, B. R. Pastore, T. Bacon, S. Poynard, K. S. Joshi et al., A dose-ranging study of the 15 efficacy and tolerability of entecavir in Lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B 16 patients, Gastroenterology, vol.129, issue.5, pp.1198-209, 2005.

W. E. Delaney, A. S. Ray, H. Yang, X. Qi, S. Xiong et al., Intracellular Metabolism and In Vitro Activity of Tenofovir against Hepatitis B Virus, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol.50, issue.7, pp.2471-2478, 2006.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.00138-06

C. Pichoud, F. Trepo, and . Zoulim, A new strategy for studying in vitro the 22 drug susceptibility of clinical isolates of human hepatitis B virus, Hepatology, vol.40, issue.7, pp.855-878, 2004.

S. K. Fung, H. B. Chae, and R. J. , Adefovir-resistant hepatitis B can be associated with viral rebound and hepatic decompensation, Journal of Hepatology, vol.43, issue.6, pp.937-980
DOI : 10.1016/j.jhep.2005.05.037

M. Oberhelman, A. S. Hussain, S. J. Lok, N. C. Tassopoulos, and E. J. Heathcote, Virologic response and resistance to 30 adefovir in patients with chronic hepatitis B, J Hepatol, vol.44, pp.283-90, 2006.

C. L. Currie and . Brosgart, Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for 34, 2005.

O. Hantz, C. Borel, C. Trabaud, F. Zoulim, J. Dessolin et al., Selective inhibition of the duck 37 hepatitis B virus by a new class of tetraazamacrocycles. Antimicrob. Agents 38 Chemother, pp.2579-2581, 1997.

J. Clercq and . Balzarini, 6-[2-(Phosphonomethoxy)alkoxy]pyrimidines with 41 antiviral activity, J Med Chem, vol.45, issue.42, pp.1918-1947, 2002.

A. C. Jacquard, M. N. Brunelle, C. Pichoud, D. Durantel, and S. , Carrouee-Durantel, 43 C. Trepo, and F. Zoulim In vitro characterization of the anti-hepatitis B virus 44 activity and cross-resistance profile of 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-fluoroguanosine, Antimicrob 45 Agents Chemother, pp.955-61, 2006.

K. Lacombe, J. Gozlan, P. Y. Boelle, L. Serfaty, F. Zoulim et al., Long-term hepatitis B virus dynamics in HIV???hepatitis B virus-co-infected patients treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, AIDS, vol.19, issue.9, pp.907-922, 2005.
DOI : 10.1097/01.aids.0000171404.07995.5c

R. Woessner, L. Boehme, P. Condreay, T. T. Chang, S. G. Lim et al., Prevalence and clinical correlates of 2 YMDD variants during lamivudine therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B. Clin 3, Infect Dis, vol.36, issue.5, pp.687-96, 2003.

V. Ratziu, V. Thibault, Y. Benhamou, and T. Poynard, Adefovir dipivoxil for the treatment of hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis 7 B Successful rescue 9 therapy with tenofovir in a patient with hepatic decompensation and adefovir resistant 10 HBV mutant, N Engl J Med Comp Hepatol, vol.348, issue.17, pp.808-824, 2002.

S. Nunez, T. Mauss, G. Lutz, S. Klausen, V. Locarnini et al., 16 Selection of hepatitis B virus polymerase mutations in HIV-coinfected patients treated 17 with tenofovir, Antivir Ther, vol.10, issue.19, pp.727-761, 2005.

P. Boron-kaczmarska, Z. Martin, R. Goodman, A. Colonno, G. Cross et al., Entecavir for treatment of lamivudine-refractory, 2006.

. Colonno, Clinical emergence of entecavir-resistant hepatitis B virus requires 26 additional substitutions in virus already resistant to Lamivudine Antimicrob Agents 27, Chemother, vol.48, issue.21, pp.3498-507, 2004.

B. Feucht, T. Wiedenmann, and . Berg, Tenofovir for patients with 30 lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and high HBV DNA level 31 during adefovir therapy, Hepatology, vol.44, issue.32, pp.318-343, 2006.

J. P. Villeneuve, D. Durantel, S. Durantel, C. Westland, S. Xiong et al., Selection of a 34 hepatitis B virus strain resistant to adefovir in a liver transplantation patient, J Hepatol, vol.35, issue.36, pp.1085-1094, 2003.

S. Villet, C. Pichoud, J. P. Villeneuve, C. Trepo, and F. Zoulim, Selection of a Multiple Drug-Resistant Hepatitis B Virus Strain in a Liver-Transplanted Patient, Gastroenterology, vol.131, issue.4, pp.1253-61, 1941.
DOI : 10.1053/j.gastro.2006.08.013

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00133169

S. N. Wong and A. S. Lok, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate: Role in hepatitis B treatment, Hepatology, vol.6, issue.2, pp.309-322, 2006.
DOI : 10.1002/hep.21307

H. J. Yim, M. Hussain, Y. Liu, S. N. Wong, S. K. Fung et al., Evolution of multi-drug resistant hepatitis B virus during sequential therapy, Hepatology, vol.42, issue.3, pp.703-715, 1946.
DOI : 10.1002/hep.21290

C. Ying, A. Holy, D. Hockova, Z. Havlas, E. D. Clercq et al., Novel 48 acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analogues with potent anti-hepatitis B virus activities, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, vol.49, pp.491177-80, 2005.