R. Minchin, P. Reeves, C. Teitel, M. Mcmanus, B. Mojarrabi et al., N- and O-acetylation of aromatic and heterocyclic amine carcinogens by human monomorphic and polymorphic acetyltransferases expressed in COS-1 cells, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol.185, issue.3, pp.839-844, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0006-291X(92)91703-S

D. Hein, M. Doll, T. Rustan, K. Gray, Y. Feng et al., Metabolic activation and deactivation of arylamine carcinogens by recombinant human NAT1 and polymorphic NAT2 acetyltransferases, Carcinogenesis, vol.14, issue.8, pp.1633-1638, 1993.
DOI : 10.1093/carcin/14.8.1633

D. Hein, Molecular genetics and function of NAT1 and NAT2: role in aromatic amine metabolism and carcinogenesis, Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, vol.506, issue.507, pp.506-50765, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0027-5107(02)00153-7

P. Meisel, Arylamine N-acetyltransferases and drug response, Pharmacogenomics, vol.3, issue.3, pp.349-366, 2002.
DOI : 10.1517/14622416.3.3.349

C. Delomenie, L. Sica, D. Grant, R. Krishnamoorthy, and J. Dupret, Genotyping of the polymorphic N-acetyltransferase (NAT2*) gene locus in two native African populations, Pharmacogenetics, vol.6, issue.2, pp.177-185, 1996.
DOI : 10.1097/00008571-199604000-00004

E. Asprodini, E. Zifa, I. Papageorgiou, and A. Benakis, Determination of N-acetylation phenotyping in a greek population using caffeine as a metabolic probe, European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, vol.369, issue.4, pp.501-506, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/BF03190002

R. Cartwright, R. Glashan, H. Rogers, R. Ahmad, D. Barham-hall et al., ROLE OF N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE PHENOTYPES IN BLADDER CARCINOGENESIS: A PHARMACOGENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGICAL APPROACH TO BLADDER CANCER, The Lancet, vol.320, issue.8303, pp.842-845, 1982.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(82)90810-8

A. Risch, D. Wallace, S. Bathers, and E. Sim, Slow N-acetylation genotype is a susceptibility factor in occupational and smoking related bladder cancer, Human Molecular Genetics, vol.4, issue.2, pp.231-236, 1995.
DOI : 10.1093/hmg/4.2.231

M. Bialecka, B. Gawronska-szklarz, M. Drozdzik, K. Honczarenko, and J. Stankiewicz, N-acetyltransferase 2 polymorphism in sporadic Parkinson's disease in a Polish population, European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, vol.57, issue.12, pp.857-862, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/s00228-001-0415-4

D. Chan, M. Lam, R. Wong, W. Hung, and D. Wilcken, Strong association between N-acetyltransferase 2 genotype and PD in Hong Kong Chinese, Neurology, vol.60, issue.6, pp.1002-1005, 2003.
DOI : 10.1212/01.WNL.0000052787.87093.B8

M. Blum, D. Grant, W. Mcbride, M. Heim, and U. Meyer, -Acetyltransferase Genes: Isolation, Chromosomal Localization, and Functional Expression, DNA and Cell Biology, vol.9, issue.3, pp.193-203, 1990.
DOI : 10.1089/dna.1990.9.193
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00459362

S. Ohsako and T. Deguchi, Cloning and expression of cDNAs for polymorphic and monomorphic arylamine N-acetyltransferases from human liver, J Biol Chem, vol.265, pp.4630-4634, 1990.

M. Blum, A. Demierre, D. Grant, M. Heim, and U. Meyer, Molecular mechanism of slow acetylation of drugs and carcinogens in humans., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.88, issue.12, pp.5237-5241, 1991.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.88.12.5237

D. Grant, N. Hughes, S. Janezic, G. Goodfellow, and H. Chen, Human acetyltransferase polymorphisms, Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, vol.376, issue.1-2, pp.61-70, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0027-5107(97)00026-2

A. Upton, N. Johnson, J. Sandy, and E. Sim, Arylamine N-acetyltransferases ??? of mice, men and microorganisms, Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, vol.22, issue.3, pp.140-146, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0165-6147(00)01639-4

K. Vatsis, W. Weber, D. Bell, J. Dupret, D. Evans et al., Nomenclature for N-acetyltransferases, Pharmacogenetics, vol.5, issue.1, pp.1-17, 1995.
DOI : 10.1097/00008571-199502000-00001

D. Hein, D. Grant, and E. Sim, Update on consensus arylamine N-acetyltransferase gene nomenclature, Pharmacogenetics, vol.10, issue.4, pp.291-292, 2000.
DOI : 10.1097/00008571-200006000-00002

C. Xu, K. Lewis, K. Cantone, P. Khan, C. Donnelly et al., Effectiveness of computational methods in haplotype prediction, Human Genetics, vol.110, issue.2, pp.148-156, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/s00439-001-0656-4

R. Judson, J. Stephens, and A. Windemuth, The predictive power of haplotypes in clinical response, Pharmacogenomics, vol.1, issue.1, pp.15-26, 2000.
DOI : 10.1517/14622416.1.1.15

R. Judson and J. Stephens, Notes from the SNP vs. haplotype front, Pharmacogenomics, vol.2, issue.1, pp.7-10, 2001.
DOI : 10.1517/14622416.2.1.7

O. Mcdonald, E. Krynetski, and W. Evans, Molecular haplotyping of genomic DNA for multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms located kilobases apart using long-range polymerase chain reaction and intramolecular ligation, Pharmacogenetics, vol.12, issue.2, pp.93-99, 2002.
DOI : 10.1097/00008571-200203000-00003

P. Zschieschang, F. Hiepe, E. Gromnica-ihle, I. Roots, and I. Cascorbi, Lack of association between arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) polymorphism and systemic lupus erythematosus, Pharmacogenetics, vol.12, issue.7, pp.559-563, 2002.
DOI : 10.1097/00008571-200210000-00008

J. Agundez, J. Ladero, M. Olivera, L. Lozano, M. Fernandez-arquero et al., N -Acetyltransferase 2 Polymorphism Is Not Related to the Risk of Advanced Alcoholic Liver Disease, Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, vol.37, issue.1, pp.99-103, 2002.
DOI : 10.1080/003655202753387437

A. Loktionov, W. Moore, S. Spencer, H. Vorster, T. Nell et al., Differences in N-acetylation genotypes between Caucasians and Black South Africans: implications for cancer prevention, Cancer Detection and Prevention, vol.26, issue.1, pp.15-22, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0361-090X(02)00010-7

I. Cascorbi and I. Roots, Pitfalls in N-acetyltransferase 2 genotyping, Pharmacogenetics, vol.9, issue.1, pp.123-127, 1999.
DOI : 10.1097/00008571-199902000-00016

C. Dandara, C. Masimirembwa, A. Magimba, S. Kaaya, J. Sayi et al., Arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT2) genotypes in Africans, Pharmacogenetics, vol.13, issue.1, pp.55-58, 2003.
DOI : 10.1097/00008571-200301000-00008

A. Anitha and M. Banerjee, Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 polymorphism in the ethnic populations of South India, International Journal of Molecular Medicine, vol.11, pp.125-131, 2003.
DOI : 10.3892/ijmm.11.1.125

C. Martinez, J. Agundez, M. Olivera, R. Martin, J. Ladero et al., Lung cancer and mutations at the polymorphic NAT2 gene locus, Pharmacogenetics, vol.5, issue.4, pp.207-214, 1995.
DOI : 10.1097/00008571-199508000-00004

J. Agundez, M. Olivera, C. Martinez, J. Ladero, and J. Benitez, Identification and prevalence study of 17 allelic variants of the human NAT2 gene in a white population, Pharmacogenetics, vol.6, issue.5, pp.423-428, 1996.
DOI : 10.1097/00008571-199610000-00006

C. Martinez, J. Agundez, M. Olivera, A. Llerena, R. Ramirez et al., Influence of genetic admixture on polymorphisms of drug-metabolizing enzymes: Analyses of mutations on NAT2 and CYP2E1 genes in a mixed Hispanic population*, Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, vol.110, issue.6, pp.623-628, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0009-9236(98)90085-6

S. Lee, K. Lee, C. Ki, O. Kwon, H. Kim et al., Complete sequencing of a genetic polymorphism in NAT2 in the Korean population, Clin Chem, vol.48, pp.775-777, 2002.

I. Cascorbi, N. Drakoulis, J. Brockmoller, A. Maurer, K. Sperling et al., Arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT2) mutations and their allelic linkage in unrelated Caucasian individuals: correlation with phenotypic activity, Am J Hum Genet, vol.57, pp.581-592, 1995.

P. Mrozikiewicz, I. Cascorbi, J. Brockmoller, and I. Roots, Determination and allelic allocation of seven nucleotide transitions within the arylamine N-acetyltransferase gene in the Polish population, Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, vol.25, issue.4, pp.376-382, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0009-9236(96)90104-6

A. Aynacioglu, I. Cascorbi, P. Mrozikiewicz, and I. Roots, Arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT2) genotypes in a Turkish population, Pharmacogenetics, vol.7, issue.4, pp.327-331, 1997.
DOI : 10.1097/00008571-199708000-00008

P. Meisel, C. Schroeder, K. Wulff, and W. Siegmund, Relationship between human genotype and phenotype of N-acetyltransferase (NAT2) as estimated by discriminant analysis and multiple linear regression: 1. Genotype and N-acetylation in vivo, Pharmacogenetics, vol.7, issue.3, pp.241-246, 1997.
DOI : 10.1097/00008571-199706000-00009

V. Kukongviriyapan, A. Prawan, W. Tassaneyakul, J. Aiemsa-ard, and B. Warasiha, Arylamine N-acetyltransferase-2 genotypes in the Thai population, British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, vol.3, issue.3, pp.278-281, 2003.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2125.2003.01766.x

T. Niu, Algorithms for inferring haplotypes, Genetic Epidemiology, vol.164, issue.4, pp.334-347, 2004.
DOI : 10.1002/gepi.20024

D. Fallin and N. Schork, Accuracy of Haplotype Frequency Estimation for Biallelic Loci, via the Expectation-Maximization Algorithm for Unphased Diploid Genotype Data, The American Journal of Human Genetics, vol.67, issue.4, pp.947-959, 2000.
DOI : 10.1086/303069

S. Lin, D. Cutler, M. Zwick, and A. Chakravarti, Haplotype Inference in Random Population Samples, The American Journal of Human Genetics, vol.71, issue.5
DOI : 10.1086/344347

E. Tanaka, A. Taniguchi, W. Urano, H. Nakajima, Y. Matsuda et al., Adverse effects of sulfasalazine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis are associated with diplotype configuration at the N-acetyltransferase 2 gene, J Rheumatol, vol.29, pp.2492-2499, 2002.

L. Jorge-nebert, M. Eichelbaum, E. Griese, T. Inaba, and T. Arias, Analysis of six SNPs of NAT2 in Ngawbe and Embera Amerindians of Panama and determination of the Embera acetylation phenotype using caffeine, Pharmacogenetics, vol.12, issue.1, pp.39-48, 2002.
DOI : 10.1097/00008571-200201000-00006

J. Barrett, G. Smith, R. Waxman, N. Gooderham, T. Lightfoot et al., Investigation of interaction between N-acetyltransferase 2 and heterocyclic amines as potential risk factors for colorectal cancer, Carcinogenesis, vol.24, issue.2, pp.275-282, 2003.
DOI : 10.1093/carcin/24.2.275

A. Clark, Inference of haplotypes from PCR-amplified samples of diploid populations, Mol Biol Evol, vol.7, pp.111-122, 1990.

M. Stephens, N. Smith, and P. Donnelly, A New Statistical Method for Haplotype Reconstruction from Population Data, The American Journal of Human Genetics, vol.68, issue.4, pp.978-989, 2001.
DOI : 10.1086/319501

J. Agundez, M. Olivera, J. Ladero, A. Rodriguez-lescure, M. Ledesma et al., Increased risk for hepatocellular carcinoma in NAT2-slow acetylators and CYP2D6-rapid metabolizers, Pharmacogenetics, vol.6, pp.501-512, 1996.

L. Wang and Y. Xu, Haplotype inference by maximum parsimony, Bioinformatics, vol.19, issue.14, pp.1773-1780, 2003.
DOI : 10.1093/bioinformatics/btg239

A. Dempster, N. Laird, and D. Rubin, Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm, J R Stat Soc, vol.39, pp.1-38, 1977.

L. Excoffier and M. Slatkin, Maximum-likelihood estimation of molecular haplotype frequencies in a diploid population, Mol Biol Evol, vol.12, pp.921-927, 1995.

M. Hawley and K. Kidd, HAPLO: A Program Using the EM Algorithm to Estimate the Frequencies of Multi-site Haplotypes, Journal of Heredity, vol.86, issue.5, pp.409-411, 1995.
DOI : 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111613

J. Long, R. Williams, and M. Urbanek, An E-M algorithm and testing strategy for multiple-locus haplotypes, Am J Hum Genet, vol.56, pp.799-810, 1995.

S. Schneider, D. Roessli, and L. Excoffier, Arlequin ver. 2.000: a software for population genetics data analysis, Genetics and Biometry Laboratory, 2000.

Z. Qin, T. Niu, and J. Liu, Partition-Ligation???Expectation-Maximization Algorithm for Haplotype Inference with Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms, The American Journal of Human Genetics, vol.71, issue.5, pp.1242-1247, 2002.
DOI : 10.1086/344207

T. Niu, Z. Qin, X. Xu, and J. Liu, Bayesian Haplotype Inference for Multiple Linked Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms, The American Journal of Human Genetics, vol.70, issue.1, pp.157-169, 2002.
DOI : 10.1086/338446

M. Stephens and P. Donnelly, A Comparison of Bayesian Methods for Haplotype Reconstruction from Population Genotype Data, The American Journal of Human Genetics, vol.73, issue.5
DOI : 10.1086/379378

R. Hudson, D. Futuyma, and J. Antonovics, Gene genealogies and the coalescent process, Oxford surveys in evolutionary biology, pp.1-44, 1991.

O. Renkonen, Statisch-ökologische Untersuchungen über die terrestiche Kaferwelt der finnishen Bruchmoore, pp.1-231, 1938.

S. Tishkoff, A. Pakstis, G. Ruano, and K. Kidd, The Accuracy of Statistical Methods for Estimation of Haplotype Frequencies: An Example from the CD4 Locus, The American Journal of Human Genetics, vol.67, issue.2, pp.518-522, 2000.
DOI : 10.1086/303000

B. Devlin and N. Risch, A Comparison of Linkage Disequilibrium Measures for Fine-Scale Mapping, Genomics, vol.29, issue.2, pp.311-322, 1995.
DOI : 10.1006/geno.1995.9003

K. Liu and S. Muse, PowerMarker: new genetic data analysis software . Version 3.0. Free program distributed by the author over the internet
DOI : 10.1093/bioinformatics/bti282
URL : http://bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/21/9/2128

G. Abecasis and W. Cookson, GOLD--Graphical Overview of Linkage Disequilibrium, Bioinformatics, vol.16, issue.2, pp.182-183, 2000.
DOI : 10.1093/bioinformatics/16.2.182

M. Stephens, N. Smith, and P. Donnelly, Reply to Zhang et al., The American Journal of Human Genetics, vol.69, issue.4, pp.912-914, 2001.
DOI : 10.1086/323623

M. Osier, A. Pakstis, J. Kidd, J. Lee, S. Yin et al., Linkage Disequilibrium at the ADH2 and ADH3 Loci and Risk of Alcoholism, The American Journal of Human Genetics, vol.64, issue.4, pp.1147-1157, 1999.
DOI : 10.1086/302317

H. Zhao, R. Pfeiffer, and M. Gail, Haplotype analysis in population genetics and association studies, Pharmacogenomics, vol.4, issue.2, pp.171-178, 2003.
DOI : 10.1517/phgs.4.2.171.22636