Les professionnels de santé face à la pandémie de la maladie à coronavirus (COVID-19) : quels risques pour leur santé mentale ? - Inserm - Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Accéder directement au contenu
Article Dans Une Revue L'Encéphale Année : 2020

Les professionnels de santé face à la pandémie de la maladie à coronavirus (COVID-19) : quels risques pour leur santé mentale ?

Wissam El-Hage (1, 2) , C. Hingray (3) , C. Lemogne (4, 5, 6) , A. Yrondi (7, 8) , P. Brunault (2, 9) , T. Bienvenu (10, 11) , B. Etain (4, 12, 13) , C. Paquet (4, 12, 13) , B. Gohier (14, 15) , D. Bennabi (16) , P. Birmes (7) , A. Sauvaget (17, 18) , E. Fakra (19, 20) , N. Prieto (21) , S. Bulteau (22) , P. Vidailhet (23) , V. Camus (2, 1) , M. Leboyer (24, 25, 26) , M.-O. Krebs (4, 5, 27) , Bruno Aouizerate (11)
1 iBraiN - Imaging, Brain & Neuropsychiatry
2 CHRU Tours - Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours
3 CPN - Centre Psychothérapique de Nancy [Laxou]
4 UPCité - Université Paris Cité
5 IPNP - U1266 Inserm - Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences de Paris
6 HEGP - Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP]
7 ToNIC - Toulouse NeuroImaging Center
8 CHU Toulouse - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse
9 QualiPsy - Qualité de vie et Santé psychologique [Tours]
10 U1215 Inserm - UB - Neurocentre Magendie : Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale
11 Centre hospitalier Charles Perrens [Bordeaux]
12 OPTeN (UMR_S 1144 / U1144) - Optimisation thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie
13 Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal [APHP]
14 CHU Angers - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers
15 LPPL - Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire
16 Département de psychiatrie [CHRU de Besançon]
17 MIP - Motricité, interactions, performance EA 4334 / Movement - Interactions - Performance
18 CHU Nantes - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes
19 CRNL - Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center
20 CHU ST-E - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne]
21 Hôpital Edouard Herriot [CHU - HCL]
22 SPHERE - MethodS in Patients-centered outcomes and HEalth ResEarch
23 NCPS - Neuropsychologie Cognitive et Physiopathologie de la Schizophrénie
24 IMRB - Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
25 Fondation FondaMental [Créteil]
26 U955 Inserm - UPEC - IMRB - "Neuropsychiatrie translationnelle" [Créteil]
27 Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne [Paris]

Résumé

Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused major sanitary crisis worldwide. Half of the world has been placed in quarantine. In France, this large-scale health crisis urgently triggered the restructuring and reorganization of health service delivery to support emergency services, medical intensive care units and continuing care units. Health professionals mobilized all their resources to provide emergency aid in a general climate of uncertainty. Concerns about the mental health, psychological adjustment, and recovery of health care workers treating and caring for patients with COVID-19 are now arising. The goal of the present article is to provide up-to-date information on potential mental health risks associated with exposure of health professionals to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Authors performed a narrative review identifying relevant results in the scientific and medical literature considering previous epidemics of 2003 (SARS-CoV-1) and 2009 (H1N1) with the more recent data about the COVID-19 pandemic. We highlighted most relevant data concerning the disease characteristics, the organizational factors and personal factors that may contribute to developing psychological distress and other mental health symptoms. Results: The disease characteristics of the current COVID-19 pandemic provoked a generalized climate of wariness and uncertainty, particularly among health professionals, due to a range of causes such as the rapid spread of COVID-19, the severity of symptoms it can cause in a segment of infected individuals, the lack of knowledge of the disease, and deaths among health professionals. Stress may also be caused by organizational factors, such as depletion of personal protection equipment, concerns about not being able to provide competent care if deployed to new area, concerns about rapidly changing information, lack of access to up-to-date information and communication, lack of specific drugs, the shortage of ventilators and intensive care unit beds necessary to care for the surge of critically ill patients, and significant change in their daily social and family life. Further risk factors have been identified, including feelings of being inadequately supported, concerns about health of self, fear of taking home infection to family members or others, and not having rapid access to testing through occupational health if needed, being isolated, feelings of uncertainty and social stigmatization, overwhelming workload, or insecure attachment. Additionally, we discussed positive social and organizational factors that contribute to enhance resilience in the face of the pandemic. There is a consensus in all the relevant literature that health care professionals are at an increased risk of high levels of stress, anxiety, depression, burnout, addiction and post-traumatic stress disorder, which could have long-term psychological implications. Conclusions: In the long run, this tragic health crisis should significantly enhance our understanding of the mental health risk factors among the health care professionals facing the COVID-19 pandemic. Reporting information such as this is essential to plan future prevention strategies. Protecting health care professionals is indeed an important component of public health measures to address large-scale health crisis. Thus, interventions to promote mental well-being in health care professionals exposed to COVID-19 need to be immediately implemented, and to strengthen prevention and response strategies by training health care professionals on mental help and crisis management.
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hal-03490531 , version 1 (01-07-2022)

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Paternité - Pas d'utilisation commerciale

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Wissam El-Hage, C. Hingray, C. Lemogne, A. Yrondi, P. Brunault, et al.. Les professionnels de santé face à la pandémie de la maladie à coronavirus (COVID-19) : quels risques pour leur santé mentale ?. L'Encéphale, 2020, 46 (3), pp.S73 - S80. ⟨10.1016/j.encep.2020.04.008⟩. ⟨hal-03490531⟩
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