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, Scale bar: 50µm. Canonical Wnt pathway expression in primary MG as altered by (C) 4 hours of IL-1b exposure as assessed by RT-qPCR for Ctnnb1, Tcf1, Lef, Axin1, Axin2 and Wnt receptors Frizzled (Fzd) 3,4,6 mRNA, (D) 4 hours of LPS exposure as assessed by RT-qPCR for Ctnnb1, Tcf1, Lef, Axin1 and Axin2 mRNA, (E) 4 hours of IL-4 exposure as assessed by RT-qPCR for Ctnnb1, Tcf1, Lef, Axin1 and Axin2 mRNA. Min to max box and whisker of mRNA levels presented as a fold change relative to control (PBS treated) MG. (Min to max box and whisker, mean±SEM, n in the brackets (Student's t-test, * p<0.05, ** p<0.01 and ***P<0.001). (B)

, Scale bar: 50µm. (E) IL-1b induces down-regulation of total b-catenin without any modification of the PSer45 b-catenin/b-catenin ratio as assessed via ELISA (normalized to PBS control) in primary MG after 4 hours of stimulation. (Min to max box and whisker, Student t-test** p<0.01, n=14/group). (G) ILof stimulation. (Min to max box and whisker Student's t-test, IL-1b induces down-regulation of b-catenin immunoreactivity in primary MG after 4 hours of stimulation

, Min to max box and whisker of Axin2 mRNA level in primary MG transfected with Axin2 siRNA presented as a fold change relative to control (negative control siRNA

*. , , vol.001, pp.14-15

, Wnt pathway blockade has no effect on the activation of primary MG stimulated by IL-1b. Inhibition of Protein Kinase C by Chelerythrine has no effect on MG activation. Min to max box and whisker of Nos2, Ptgs2, Il1rn and Socs3 mRNA level by RT-qPCR in control (PBS) and IL-1b treated primary MG with

. Chelerythrine, or 3µM) or DMSO. mRNA levels are presented as a fold change relative to control/DMSO group. (# p<0.05, ## p<0.01, showed significant difference between PBS/DMSO and IL-1b/DMSO groups. Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunns post-hoc test, of 3DNA Cy3 labelled nanoparticles. (A) 3DNA uptake by IBA-1+ cells in mixed primary cultures of astrocytes