PMID: identifier of
Pubmed reference: |
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 (22223828)  |
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| title: |
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Timing of onset of cognitive decline: results from Whitehall II prospective cohort study. |
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| author(s): |
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Archana Singh-Manoux ( ) 1, 2, 3, Mika Kivimaki2, M Maria Glymour4, Alexis Elbaz5, Claudine Berr6, 7, Klaus Ebmeier8, Jane Ferrie9, Aline Dugravot1 |
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| laboratory: |
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| abstract: |
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OBJECTIVES: To estimate 10 year decline in cognitive function from longitudinal data in a middle aged cohort and to examine whether age cohorts can be compared with cross sectional data to infer the effect of age on cognitive decline. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. At study inception in 1985-8, there were 10,308 participants, representing a recruitment rate of 73%. SETTING: Civil service departments in London, United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS: 5198 men and 2192 women, aged 45-70 at the beginning of cognitive testing in 1997-9. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Tests of memory, reasoning, vocabulary, and phonemic and semantic fluency, assessed three times over 10 years. RESULTS: All cognitive scores, except vocabulary, declined in all five age categories (age 45-49, 50-54, 55-59, 60-64, and 65-70 at baseline), with evidence of faster decline in older people. In men, the 10 year decline, shown as change/range of test × 100, in reasoning was -3.6% (95% confidence interval -4.1% to -3.0%) in those aged 45-49 at baseline and -9.6% (-10.6% to -8.6%) in those aged 65-70. In women, the corresponding decline was -3.6% (-4.6% to -2.7%) and -7.4% (-9.1% to -5.7%). Comparisons of longitudinal and cross sectional effects of age suggest that the latter overestimate decline in women because of cohort differences in education. For example, in women aged 45-49 the longitudinal analysis showed reasoning to have declined by -3.6% (-4.5% to -2.8%) but the cross sectional effects suggested a decline of -11.4% (-14.0% to -8.9%). CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive decline is already evident in middle age (age 45-49). |
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| subject: |
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Life Sciences/Health Care Sciences and Epidemiology
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| fulltext language: |
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English |
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| ISSN: |
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1756-1833 |
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| publication format: |
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Article in peer-reviewed journal |
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| journal: |
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| BMJ (BMJ) |
| Publisher |
BMJ Publishing Group: BMJ |
| ISSN |
0959-8138 (eISSN : 1468-5833) |
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| Audience: |
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international |
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| publication date: |
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2012 |
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| submission date: |
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2011-01-05 |
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| volume: |
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344 |
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| page, identifiant, ...: |
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d7622 |
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| MeSH Descriptor(s): |
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Adult – Age of Onset – Aged – Aging – Cognition Disorders – Educational Status – Epidemiologic Methods – Female – Humans – London – Male – Middle Aged – Neuropsychological Tests |
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| contract, financing: |
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ASM is supported by a "European Young Investigator Award" from the European Science Foundation and the National Institute on Aging, NIH (R01AG013196; R01AG034454). MK is supported by the BUPA Foundation, the National Institutes of Health (R01HL036310; R01AG034454) and the Academy of Finland. The Whitehall II study is also supported by a grantfrom the British Medical Research Council (G0902037) and the British Heart Foundation. |
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