France) following the manufacturer's instructions. cDNA was generated by reverse transcription, using Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus Reverse Transcriptase (Promega, Charbonnières-les-Bains, France), according to the manufacturer's protocol, and analyzed by quantitative PCR The primer sequences were chosen using Beacon Designer Software (Bio-Rad, Marnes-la-Coquette, France) Oligonucleotide sequences are detailed in Supplementary Table 1. PCR reactions were carried out in duplicate in a final volume of 12.5 µL, containing 6 µL of cDNA and forward and reverse primers at 300 nm. The PCR enzyme (Taq DNA polymerase, Promega, Charbonnières-les-Bains, France) was heat-activated at 95 ? C for 10 min, and the DNA was amplified for 40 cycles at 95 ? C for 15 s, 60 ? C for 30 s, and 72 ? C for 30 s, followed by a melting curve analysis to control the absence of nonspecific products, Quantitative PCR Analysis Total RNA from liver was extracted using the RNeasy Mini kit using the GoTaq ® qPCR Master Mix (Promega, Charbonnières-les-Bains, France), and a StepOnePlus Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystem For each transcript, the amplification efficiency was determined by the slope of the standard curve generated from two-fold serial dilutions of cDNA ,
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