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Article Dans Une Revue Journal of Clinical Virology Année : 2017

Impact of respiratory viruses in hospital-acquired pneumonia in the intensive care unit: A single-center retrospective study

Résumé

Background: Data on the frequency and role of respiratory viruses (RVs) in hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) are still scarce. Objectives: We assessed the proportion of RVs and their impact on the outcome of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) in the intensive care unit (ICU). Study design: Cases of HAP were retrospectively selected among patients who underwent screening for RVs by multiplex PCR (mPCR) in the ICU of a French tertiary care hospital from May 2014 to April 2016. ICU length of stay and in-hospital mortality were compared between four groups defined according to the identified pathogens: virus only (V), virus/bacteria (V/B), bacteria only (B) and no pathogen (Neg). When available, previous mPCR was retrieved in order to assess possible chronic viral carriage. Results: Overall, 95/999 (10%) ICU patients who underwent mPCR had HAP (V(17,18%), V/B(13,14%), B (60,63%), Neg(5,5%)). Median age was 61 years and 45 (47%) were immunocompromised. Influenza (27%) and rhinovirus (27%) were the most common RVs. V/B group had higher mortality rate than B and V groups (62% vs. 40% and 35%, p = 0.3) and a significantly longer length of stay (31 days (18–48)) than V group (5 days (3–11), p = 0.0002)) and B group (14.5 days (5.5–25.5), p = 0.007)). Among the 15 patients with available mPCR tests before viral HAP, seven were negative and eight were positive corresponding to long-term carriage of community-acquired viruses. Discussion: RVs were detected in 32% of HAP patients who underwent mPCR. Two situations were encountered: (i) acute acquired viral infection; (ii) long-term viral carriage (mostly rhinovirus) especially in immunocom-promised patients complicated by a virus/bacteria coinfection. The latter was associated with a longer length of stay and a trend toward a higher mortality.
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inserm-01526283 , version 1 (22-05-2017)

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Paul Loubet, Guillaume Voiriot, Nadhira Houhou-Fidouh, Mathilde Neuville, Lila Bouadma, et al.. Impact of respiratory viruses in hospital-acquired pneumonia in the intensive care unit: A single-center retrospective study. Journal of Clinical Virology, 2017, 91, pp.52 - 57. ⟨10.1016/j.jcv.2017.04.001⟩. ⟨inserm-01526283⟩
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