S. Coban and . Casanova, Clermont-Ferrand). Ph

V. Longuet, C. Guéripel, and S. Augustin-normand, Degroodt (Lyon) Potential conflict of interest: I.P-M. has had associations with Gilead, BMS, AbbVie and MSD. C.A. has had associations with BMS

C. D. Healthcare, . Bms, and J. D. Msd, Has had associations with ViiV has had associations with Gilead and MSD. L.C. had associations with BMS and ViiV Healthcare, C.K. has had associations with Gilead

M. Battegay, R. Nuesch, and B. Hirschel, Immunological recovery and antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1 infection, The Lancet Infectious Diseases, vol.6, issue.5, pp.280-287, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/S1473-3099(06)70463-7

G. Kaufmann, L. Perrin, and G. Pantaleo, CD4 T-Lymphocyte Recovery in Individuals With Advanced HIV-1 Infection Receiving Potent Antiretroviral Therapy for 4 Years<subtitle>The Swiss HIV Cohort Study</subtitle>, Archives of Internal Medicine, vol.163, issue.18, pp.2187-95, 2003.
DOI : 10.1001/archinte.163.18.2187

R. Moore and J. Keruly, CD4+ Cell Count 6 Years after Commencement of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Persons with Sustained Virologic Suppression, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.44, issue.3, pp.441-447, 2007.
DOI : 10.1086/510746

L. Gras, A. Kesselring, and J. Griffin, CD4 Cell Counts of 800 Cells/mm3 or Greater After 7 Years of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Are Feasible in Most Patients Starting With 350 Cells/mm3 or Greater, JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, vol.45, issue.2, pp.183-92, 2007.
DOI : 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31804d685b

A. Mocroft, A. Phillips, and J. Gatell, Normalisation of CD4 counts in patients with HIV-1 infection and maximum virological suppression who are taking combination antiretroviral therapy: an observational cohort study, The Lancet, vol.370, issue.9585, pp.407-420, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60948-9

L. Moing, V. Thiebaut, R. Chene, and G. , Long-term evolution of CD4 count in patients with a plasma HIV RNA persistently <500 copies/mL during treatment with antiretroviral drugs, HIV Medicine, vol.88, issue.3, pp.156-63, 2007.
DOI : 10.1086/427340

M. Helleberg, G. Kronborg, and H. Ullum, T-Cell Counts in a Large Cohort of HIV-Infected Individuals, Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.211, issue.11, pp.1726-1760, 2015.
DOI : 10.1093/infdis/jiu669

A. Mocroft, A. Phillips, and B. Ledergerber, Relationship between antiretrovirals used as part of a cART regimen and CD4 cell count increases in patients with suppressed viremia, AIDS, vol.20, issue.8, pp.1141-50, 2006.
DOI : 10.1097/01.aids.0000226954.95094.39

M. Wolbers, M. Battegay, and B. Hirschel, CD4+ T-cell count increase in HIV-1-infected patients with suppressed viral load within 1 year after start of antiretroviral therapy, Antivir Ther, vol.12, pp.889-97, 2007.

P. Pugliese, L. Cuzin, and A. Cabie, A large French prospective cohort of HIV-infected patients: the Nadis Cohort, HIV Medicine, vol.10, issue.8, pp.504-515, 2009.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2009.00719.x

P. Pugliese, L. Cuzin, and P. Enel, development of an electronic medical record for patients infected by HIV, HBV and HCV], NADIS Presse Med, vol.32, pp.299-303, 2000.

T. Reichert, M. Debruyere, and V. Deneys, Lymphocyte subset reference ranges in adult caucasians, Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology, vol.60, issue.2, pp.190-208, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0090-1229(91)90063-G

O. Zaegel-faucher, S. Bregigeon, and C. Cano, Impact of hepatitis C virus coinfection on T-cell dynamics in long-term HIV-suppressors under combined antiretroviral therapy, AIDS, vol.29, issue.12, pp.1505-1515, 2015.
DOI : 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000650

K. Tassiopoulos, A. Landay, and A. Collier, CD28-Negative CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells in Antiretroviral Therapy-Naive HIV-Infected Adults Enrolled in Adult Clinical Trials Group Studies, Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.205, issue.11, pp.1730-1738, 2012.
DOI : 10.1093/infdis/jis260

R. Effros, M. Dagarag, and C. Spaulding, The role of CD8+ T-cell replicative senescence in human aging, Immunological Reviews, vol.908, issue.1, pp.147-57, 2005.
DOI : 10.2174/1570162033485348

J. Giorgi and R. Detels, T-cell subset alterations in HIV-infected homosexual men: NIAID multicenter AIDS cohort study, Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology, vol.52, issue.1, pp.10-18, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/0090-1229(89)90188-8

A. Sousa, J. Carneiro, and M. Meier-schellersheim, CD4 T Cell Depletion Is Linked Directly to Immune Activation in the Pathogenesis of HIV-1 and HIV-2 but Only Indirectly to the Viral Load, The Journal of Immunology, vol.169, issue.6, pp.3400-3406, 2002.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.169.6.3400

S. Deeks, C. Kitchen, and L. Liu, Immune activation set point during early HIV infection predicts subsequent CD4+ T-cell changes independent of viral load, Blood, vol.104, issue.4, pp.942-949, 2004.
DOI : 10.1182/blood-2003-09-3333

Z. Liu, W. Cumberland, and L. Hultin, CD8+ T-Lymphocyte Activation in HIV-1 Disease Reflects an Aspect of Pathogenesis Distinct From Viral Burden and Immunodeficiency, Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology, vol.18, issue.4, pp.332-372, 1998.
DOI : 10.1097/00042560-199808010-00004

R. Effros, R. Allsopp, and C. Chiu, Shortened telomeres in the expanded CD28-CD8+ cell subset in HIV disease implicate replicative senescence in HIV pathogenesis, AIDS, vol.10, issue.8, pp.17-22, 1996.
DOI : 10.1097/00002030-199607000-00001

P. Unemori, K. Leslie, and P. Hunt, Immunosenescence is associated with presence of Kaposi??s sarcoma in antiretroviral treated HIV infection, AIDS, vol.27, issue.11, pp.1735-1777, 2013.
DOI : 10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283601144

J. Margolick, S. Gange, and R. Detels, Impact of Inversion of the CD4/CD8 Ratio on the Natural History of HIV-1 Infection, JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, vol.42, issue.5, pp.620-626, 2006.
DOI : 10.1097/01.qai.0000223028.55080.9d

M. Buggert, J. Frederiksen, and K. Noyan, Multiparametric Bioinformatics Distinguish the CD4/CD8 Ratio as a Suitable Laboratory Predictor of Combined T Cell Pathogenesis in HIV Infection, The Journal of Immunology, vol.192, issue.5, pp.2099-108, 2014.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.1302596

T. Sainz, S. Serrano-villar, and L. Diaz, The CD4/CD8 ratio as a marker T-cell activation, senescence and activation/exhaustion in treated HIV-infected children and young adults, AIDS, vol.27, issue.9, pp.1513-1519, 2013.
DOI : 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32835faa72

N. Funderburg, A. Andrade, and E. Chan, Dynamics of Immune Reconstitution and Activation Markers in HIV+ Treatment-Na??ve Patients Treated with Raltegravir, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate and Emtricitabine, PLoS ONE, vol.203, issue.12, p.83514, 2013.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0083514.s002

S. Abgrall, S. Ingle, and M. May, Durability of first ART regimen and risk factors for modification, interruption or death in HIV-positive patients starting ART in Europe and North America, AIDS, vol.27, pp.803-816, 2002.