T. Metcalf, B. Mullin, D. Eckerson, E. Moulton, and E. Larkin, Bioaccumulation and depuration of enteroviruses by the soft-shelled clam, Mya arenaria, Appl Environ Microbiol, vol.38, pp.275-282, 1979.

W. Johnson, K. Kimbrough, G. Lauenstein, and J. Christensen, Chemical contamination assessment of Gulf of Mexico oysters in response to hurricanes Katrina and Rita, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, vol.300, issue.316, pp.211-225, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/s10661-008-0676-9

E. Vega, L. Barclay, N. Gregorius, H. Shirley, D. Lee et al., Genotypic and Epidemiologic Trends of Norovirus Outbreaks in the United States, 2009 to 2013, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol.52, issue.1, pp.147-155, 2009.
DOI : 10.1128/JCM.02680-13

S. Ahmed, A. Hall, A. Robinson, L. Verhoef, P. Premkumar et al., Global prevalence of norovirus in cases of gastroenteritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis, The Lancet Infectious Diseases, vol.14, issue.8, pp.725-730, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70767-4

P. Teunis, F. Sukhrie, H. Vennema, J. Bogerman, M. Beersma et al., SUMMARY, Epidemiology and Infection, vol.129, issue.08, pp.1710-1717, 2015.
DOI : 10.1002/jmv.21237

J. Campos and D. Lees, Environmental Transmission of Human Noroviruses in Shellfish Waters, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol.80, issue.12, pp.3552-3561, 2014.
DOI : 10.1128/AEM.04188-13

M. Kitajima, B. Iker, I. Pepper, and C. Gerba, Relative abundance and treatment reduction of viruses during wastewater treatment processes?identification of potential viral indicators. Sci Total Environ 488-489, pp.290-296, 2014.

N. Yang, H. Qi, M. Wong, R. Wu, and R. Kong, Prevalence and diversity of norovirus genogroups I and II in Hong Kong marine waters and detection by real-time PCR, Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol.64, issue.1, pp.164-168, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.10.037

L. Sima, J. Schaeffer, L. Saux, J. Parnaudeau, S. Elimelech et al., Calicivirus Removal in a Membrane Bioreactor Wastewater Treatment Plant, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol.77, issue.15, pp.5170-5177, 2011.
DOI : 10.1128/AEM.00583-11

F. Simmons, D. Kuo, and I. Xagoraraki, Removal of human enteric viruses by a full-scale membrane bioreactor during municipal wastewater processing, Water Research, vol.45, issue.9, pp.2739-2750, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.watres.2011.02.001

G. Richards, C. Mcleod, L. Guyader, and F. , Processing Strategies to Inactivate Enteric Viruses in Shellfish, Food and Environmental Virology, vol.1, issue.5, pp.183-193, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/s12560-010-9045-2

D. Polo, C. Alvarez, J. Diez, S. Darriba, A. Longa et al., Viral elimination during commercial depuration of shellfish, Food Control, vol.43, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.03.022

R. Atmar, Noroviruses: State of the Art, Food and Environmental Virology, vol.346, issue.2, pp.117-126, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/s12560-010-9038-1

M. Tan and X. Jiang, Norovirus and its histo-blood group antigen receptors: an answer to a historical puzzle, Trends in Microbiology, vol.13, issue.6, pp.285-293, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tim.2005.04.004

N. Ruvoën-clouet, G. Belliot, L. Pendu, and J. , Noroviruses and histo-blood groups: the impact of common host genetic polymorphisms on virus transmission and evolution, Reviews in Medical Virology, vol.19, issue.7, pp.355-366, 2013.
DOI : 10.1002/rmv.1757

L. Pendu, J. Nystrom, K. Ruvoen-clouet, and N. , Host???pathogen co-evolution and glycan interactions, Current Opinion in Virology, vol.7, pp.88-94, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.coviro.2014.06.001

R. Atmar, A. Opekum, M. Gilger, M. Estes, S. Crawford et al., Determination of the 50% Human Infectious Dose for Norwalk Virus, Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.209, issue.7, pp.1016-1022, 2014.
DOI : 10.1093/infdis/jit620

M. Tan, M. Xia, Y. Chen, W. Bu, R. Hegde et al., Conservation of Carbohydrate Binding Interfaces ??? Evidence of Human HBGA Selection in Norovirus Evolution, PLoS ONE, vol.77, issue.4, 2009.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0005058.t004

L. Pendu, J. Ruvoen-clouet, N. Kindberg, E. Svensson, and L. , Mendelian resistance to human norovirus infections, Seminars in Immunology, vol.18, issue.6, pp.375-386, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.smim.2006.07.009

L. Guyader, F. Loisy, F. Atmar, R. Hutson, A. Estes et al., Norwalk Virus???specific Binding to Oyster Digestive Tissues, Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol.12, issue.6, pp.931-936, 2006.
DOI : 10.3201/eid1206.051519

P. Tian, A. Engelbrektson, X. Jiang, W. Zhong, and R. Mandrell, Norovirus Recognizes Histo-Blood Group Antigens on Gastrointestinal Cells of Clams, Mussels, and Oysters: A Possible Mechanism of Bioaccumulation, Journal of Food Protection, vol.70, issue.9, pp.2140-2147, 2007.
DOI : 10.4315/0362-028X-70.9.2140

J. Langlet, L. Kaas, and G. Greening, Binding-Based RT-qPCR Assay to Assess Binding Patterns of Noroviruses to Shellfish, Food and Environmental Virology, vol.76, issue.5, pp.88-95, 2015.
DOI : 10.1007/s12560-015-9180-x

H. Maalouf, M. Zakhour, L. Pendu, J. , L. Saux et al., Distribution in Tissue and Seasonal Variation of Norovirus Genogroup I and II Ligands in Oysters, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol.76, issue.16, pp.5621-5630, 2010.
DOI : 10.1128/AEM.00148-10

H. Maalouf, J. Schaeffer, S. Parnaudeau, L. Pendu, J. Atmar et al., Strain-Dependent Norovirus Bioaccumulation in Oysters, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol.77, issue.10, pp.3189-3196, 2011.
DOI : 10.1128/AEM.03010-10

M. Zakhour, H. Maalouf, D. Bartolo, I. Haugarreau, L. et al., Bovine Norovirus: Carbohydrate Ligand, Environmental Contamination, and Potential Cross-Species Transmission via Oysters, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol.76, issue.19, pp.6404-6411, 2010.
DOI : 10.1128/AEM.00671-10

L. Guyader, F. Atmar, R. , L. Pendu, and J. , Transmission of viruses through shellfish: when specific ligands come into play, Current Opinion in Virology, vol.2, issue.1, pp.103-110, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.coviro.2011.10.029

T. Farkas, C. Lun, and B. Ley, Relationship between genotypes and serotypes of genogroup 1 recoviruses: a model for human norovirus antigenic diversity, Journal of General Virology, vol.95, issue.Pt_7, pp.1469-1478, 2014.
DOI : 10.1099/vir.0.064675-0

L. Martin, G. Duke, J. Osorio, D. Hall, and A. Palmenberg, Mutational analysis of the mengovirus poly(C) tract and surrounding heteropolymeric sequences, J Virol, vol.70, pp.2027-2031, 1996.

L. Mann, K. Anderson, M. Luo, and C. Bond, Molecular and structural basis of hemagglutination in mengovirus, Virology, vol.190, issue.1, pp.337-3450042, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0042-6822(92)91220-O

S. Shumway, T. Cucci, R. Newell, and C. Yentsch, Particle selection, ingestion, and absorption in filter-feeding bivalves, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, vol.91, issue.1-2, pp.77-920022, 1985.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-0981(85)90222-9

L. Guyader, F. Parnaudeau, S. Schaeffer, J. Bosch, A. Loisy et al., Detection and Quantification of Noroviruses in Shellfish, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol.75, issue.3, pp.618-624, 2009.
DOI : 10.1128/AEM.01507-08

T. Farkas, K. Sestak, C. Wei, and X. Jiang, Characterization of a Rhesus Monkey Calicivirus Representing a New Genus of Caliciviridae, Journal of Virology, vol.82, issue.11, pp.5408-5416, 2008.
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.00070-08

S. Bougrier, P. Geairon, J. Deslous-paoli, C. Bacher, and G. Jonquieres, Allometric relationships and effects of temperature on clearance and oxygen consumption rates of Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg), Aquaculture, vol.134, issue.1-2, pp.143-1540044, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0044-8486(95)00036-2

M. Grodzki, J. Schaeffer, J. Piquet, L. Saux, J. Chevé et al., Bioaccumulation Efficiency, Tissue Distribution, and Environmental Occurrence of Hepatitis E Virus in Bivalve Shellfish from France, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol.80, issue.14, pp.4269-427600978, 2014.
DOI : 10.1128/AEM.00978-14

. Afnor, Methode d'analyse en santé animale, PCR. Part 2. Exigences et recommandations pour le développement et la validation de la PCR en santé animale. XPU47-600-2, 2011.

A. Bedford, G. Williams, and A. Bellamy, Virus accumulation by the rock oyster Crassotrea glomerata, Appl Environ Microbiol, vol.35, pp.1012-1018, 1978.

R. Atmar, F. Neill, J. Romalde, L. Guyader, F. Woodley et al., Detection of Norwalk virus and hepatitis A virus in shellfish tissues with the PCR, Appl Environ Microbiol, vol.61, pp.3014-3018, 1995.

M. Jones, M. Watanabe, S. Zhu, C. Graves, L. Keyes et al., Enteric bacteria promote human and mouse norovirus infection of B cells, Science, vol.346, issue.6210, pp.755-759, 2014.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1257147

K. Katayama, K. Murakami, T. Sharp, S. Guix, T. Oka et al., Plasmid-based human norovirus reverse genetics system produces reporter-tagged progeny virus containing infectious genomic RNA, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.111, issue.38, pp.4043-4052, 2014.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.1415096111

S. Karst, S. Zhu, and I. Goodfellow, The molecular pathology of noroviruses, The Journal of Pathology, vol.365, issue.2, pp.206-216, 2015.
DOI : 10.1002/path.4463

E. Alfano-sobsey, D. Sweat, A. Hall, F. Breedlove, R. Rodriguez et al., Norovirus outbreak associated with undercooked oysters and secondary household transmission, Epidemiology and Infection, vol.111, issue.02, pp.276-282, 2012.
DOI : 10.1089/fpd.2010.0681

L. Croci, D. Medici, D. , D. Pasquale, S. Toti et al., Resistance of hepatitis A virus in mussels subjected to different domestic cookings, International Journal of Food Microbiology, vol.105, issue.2, pp.139-144, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.04.008

K. Kniel, The makings of a good human norovirus surrogate, Current Opinion in Virology, vol.4, pp.85-90, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.coviro.2014.01.002

W. Dore, K. Henshilwood, and D. Lees, Evaluation of F-Specific RNA Bacteriophage as a Candidate Human Enteric Virus Indicator for Bivalve Molluscan Shellfish, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol.66, issue.4, pp.1280-1285, 2000.
DOI : 10.1128/AEM.66.4.1280-1285.2000

H. Chung, L. Jaykus, G. Lovelace, and M. Sobsey, Bacteriophages and bacteria as indicators of enteric viruses in oysters and their harvest waters, Water Science and Technology, vol.38, issue.12, pp.37-44, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0273-1223(98)00797-5

D. Love, G. Lovelace, and M. Sobsey, Removal of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, coliphage MS2, poliovirus, and hepatitis A virus from oysters (Crassotrea virginica) and hard shell clams (Mercinaria mercinaria ) by depuration, Appl Environ Microbiol, vol.143, pp.211-217, 2010.

C. Mcleod, B. Hay, C. Grant, G. Greening, and D. Day, Inactivation and elimination of human enteric viruses by Pacific oysters, Journal of Applied Microbiology, vol.346, issue.Pt 8, pp.1809-1818, 2009.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04373.x

J. Hewitt and G. Greening, Survival and Persistence of Norovirus, Hepatitis A Virus, and Feline Calicivirus in Marinated Mussels, Journal of Food Protection, vol.67, issue.8, pp.1743-1750, 2004.
DOI : 10.4315/0362-028X-67.8.1743

H. Bozkurt, S. Leiser, P. Davidson, D. Souza, and D. , Thermal inactivation kinetic modeling of human norovirus surrogates in blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) homogenate, International Journal of Food Microbiology, vol.172, pp.130-136, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.11.026

S. Nappier, T. Graczyk, and K. Schwab, Bioaccumulation, Retention, and Depuration of Enteric Viruses by Crassostrea virginica and Crassostrea ariakensis Oysters, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol.74, issue.22, pp.6825-6831, 2008.
DOI : 10.1128/AEM.01000-08

C. Praveen, B. Dancho, D. Kingsley, K. Calci, G. Meade et al., Susceptibility of murine norovirus and hepatitis A virus to Tulane Virus in Oysters, 2013.

R. Gogal, R. Kerr, D. Kingsley, L. Granata, T. Leroith et al., High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing of Murine Norovirus 1???Contaminated Oysters Inhibits Oral Infection in STAT-1<SUP>-/-</SUP>???Deficient Female Mice, Journal of Food Protection, vol.74, issue.2, pp.209-214, 2011.
DOI : 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-10-235

J. Leon, D. Kingsley, J. Montes, G. Richards, G. Lyon et al., Randomized, Double-Blinded Clinical Trial for Human Norovirus Inactivation in Oysters by High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol.77, issue.15, pp.5476-5482, 2011.
DOI : 10.1128/AEM.02801-10

P. Moreau, K. Moreau, A. Segarra, D. Tourbiez, M. Travers et al., infections, Autophagy, vol.26, issue.3, pp.516-526, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.mimet.2009.01.021
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00677637

H. Maalouf, M. Pommepuy, L. Guyader, and F. , Environmental Conditions Leading to Shellfish Contamination and Related Outbreaks, Food and Environmental Virology, vol.40, issue.Suppl, pp.136-145, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/s12560-010-9043-4

P. Tian, A. Engelbrektson, and R. Mandrell, Seasonal Tracking of Histo-Blood Group Antigen Expression and Norovirus Binding in Oyster Gastrointestinal Cells, Journal of Food Protection, vol.71, issue.8, pp.1696-1700, 2008.
DOI : 10.4315/0362-028X-71.8.1696

D. Zhang, P. Hunag, L. Zou, T. Lowary, M. Tan et al., ABSTRACT, Journal of Virology, vol.89, issue.2, pp.1419-1427, 2015.
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.02595-14
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01126336

L. Guyader, F. , L. Saux, J. Ambert-balay, K. Krol et al., Aichi Virus, Norovirus, Astrovirus, Enterovirus, and Rotavirus Involved in Clinical Cases from a French Oyster-Related Gastroenteritis Outbreak, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol.46, issue.12, pp.4011-4017, 2008.
DOI : 10.1128/JCM.01044-08
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00465367

B. Dore, S. Keaveney, J. Flannery, and P. Rajko-nenow, Management of health risks associated with oysters harvested from a norovirus contaminated area, Euro Surveill, vol.15, 2010.