P. Aisen, The g277s mutation in transferrin does not disturb function, British Journal of Haematology, vol.32, issue.4, pp.674-675, 2003.
DOI : 10.1021/bi970628v

J. Andersen, Paraquat and iron exposure as possible synergistic environmental risk factors in Parkinson???s disease, Neurotoxicity Research, vol.8, issue.2, pp.307-313, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/BF03033150

J. Barrett, B. Fry, J. Maller, and M. Daly, Haploview: analysis and visualization of LD and haplotype maps, Bioinformatics, vol.21, issue.2, pp.263-265, 2005.
DOI : 10.1093/bioinformatics/bth457

G. Bartzokis, J. Cummings, C. Markham, P. Marmarelis, L. Treciokas et al., MRI evaluation of brain iron in earlier- and later-onset Parkinson???s disease and normal subjects, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, vol.17, issue.2, pp.213-222, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0730-725X(98)00155-6

G. Becker, J. Seufert, U. Bogdahn, H. Reichmann, and K. Reiners, Degeneration of substantia nigra in chronic Parkinson's disease visualized by transcranial color-coded real-time sonography, Neurology, vol.45, issue.1, pp.182-184, 1995.
DOI : 10.1212/WNL.45.1.182

D. Ben-shachar and M. Youdim, Intranigral Iron Injection Induces Behavioral and Biochemical "Parkinsonism" in Rats, Journal of Neurochemistry, vol.32, issue.6, pp.2133-2135, 1991.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01244786

B. Benyamin, A. Mcrae, G. Zhu, S. Gordon, A. Henders et al., Variants in TF and HFE Explain ???40% of Genetic Variation in Serum-Transferrin Levels, The American Journal of Human Genetics, vol.84, issue.1, pp.60-65, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.11.011

B. Benyamin, M. Ferreira, G. Willemsen, S. Gordon, R. Middelberg et al., Common variants in TMPRSS6 are associated with iron status and erythrocyte volume, Nature Genetics, vol.41, issue.11, pp.1173-1175, 2009.
DOI : 10.1038/ng.209

R. Blanco-rojo, C. Baeza-richer, A. Lopez-parra, A. Perez-granados, A. Brichs et al., Four variants in transferrin and HFE genes as potential markers of iron deficiency anaemia risk: an association study in menstruating women, Nutrition & Metabolism, vol.8, issue.1, p.69, 2011.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2009.07843.x

J. Bower, D. Maraganore, S. Mcdonnell, and W. Rocca, Incidence and distribution of parkinsonism in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1976-1990, Neurology, vol.52, issue.6, pp.1214-1220, 1976.
DOI : 10.1212/WNL.52.6.1214

D. Buchanan, P. Silburn, J. Chalk, L. Couteur, D. Mellick et al., The Cys282Tyr polymorphism in the HFE gene in Australian Parkinson's disease patients, Neuroscience Letters, vol.327, issue.2, pp.91-94, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-3940(02)00398-1

S. Costello, M. Cockburn, J. Bronstein, X. Zhang, and B. Ritz, Parkinson's Disease and Residential Exposure to Maneb and Paraquat From Agricultural Applications in the Central Valley of California, American Journal of Epidemiology, vol.169, issue.8, pp.919-926, 2009.
DOI : 10.1093/aje/kwp006

D. Crawford and D. Nickerson, Definition and Clinical Importance of Haplotypes, Annual Review of Medicine, vol.56, issue.1, pp.303-320, 2005.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.med.56.082103.104540

M. Daly, J. Rioux, S. Schaffner, T. Hudson, and E. Lander, High-Resolution Haplotype Structure in the Human Genome, Nature Genetics, vol.29, issue.2, pp.229-232, 2001.
DOI : 10.1038/ng1001-229

J. Delanghe, H. Verstraelen, I. Pynaert, L. Debels, Y. Taes et al., Human transferrin G277S mutation and iron deficiency in pregnancy, British Journal of Haematology, vol.96, issue.2, pp.249-250, 2006.
DOI : 10.1021/bi970628v

D. Dexter, F. Wells, F. Agid, Y. Agid, A. Lees et al., INCREASED NIGRAL IRON CONTENT IN POSTMORTEM PARKINSONIAN BRAIN, The Lancet, vol.330, issue.8569, pp.1219-1220, 1987.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(87)91361-4

H. Drakesmith and A. Prentice, Hepcidin and the Iron-Infection Axis, Science, vol.338, issue.6108, pp.768-772, 2012.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1224577

F. Dutheil, P. Beaune, C. Tzourio, M. Loriot, and A. Elbaz, Interaction Between ABCB1 and Professional Exposure to Organochlorine Insecticides in Parkinson Disease, Archives of Neurology, vol.67, issue.6, pp.739-745, 2010.
DOI : 10.1001/archneurol.2010.101

A. Elbaz, C. Levecque, J. Clavel, J. Vidal, F. Richard et al., CYP2D6 polymorphism, pesticide exposure, and Parkinson's disease, Annals of Neurology, vol.158, issue.suppl 2, pp.430-434, 2004.
DOI : 10.1002/ana.20051

A. Elbaz, J. Clavel, P. Rathouz, F. Moisan, J. Galanaud et al., Professional exposure to pesticides and Parkinson disease, Annals of Neurology, vol.13, issue.suppl 2, pp.494-504, 2009.
DOI : 10.1002/ana.21717

M. Ezquerra, J. Campdelacreu, E. Munoz, and E. Tolosa, Association study of the G258S transferrin gene polymorphism and Parkinson's disease in the Spanish population, Journal of Neurology, vol.64, issue.10, pp.1269-1270, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/s00415-005-0695-1

B. Faucheux, E. Hirsch, J. Villares, F. Selimi, A. Mouatt-prigent et al., I-Ferrotransferrin Binding Sites in the Mesencephalon of Control Subjects and Patients with Parkinson's Disease, Journal of Neurochemistry, vol.126, issue.6, pp.2338-2341, 1993.
DOI : 10.1002/ana.410320717

F. Febbraro, M. Giorgi, S. Caldarola, F. Loreni, and M. Romero-ramos, ??-Synuclein expression is modulated at the translational level by iron, NeuroReport, vol.23, issue.9, pp.576-580, 2012.
DOI : 10.1097/WNR.0b013e328354a1f0

A. Fredriksson, N. Schroder, P. Eriksson, I. Izquierdo, and T. Archer, Neonatal iron potentiates adult MPTP-induced neurodegenerative and functional deficits, Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, vol.7, issue.2, pp.97-105, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S1353-8020(00)00028-6

D. Gelb, E. Oliver, and S. Gilman, Diagnostic Criteria for Parkinson Disease, Archives of Neurology, vol.56, issue.1, pp.33-39, 1999.
DOI : 10.1001/archneur.56.1.33

M. Gerlach, K. Double, M. Youdim, and P. Riederer, Potential sources of increased iron in the substantia nigra of parkinsonian patients, J Neural Transm, vol.70, pp.133-142, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-211-45295-0_21

J. Gorell, R. Ordidge, G. Brown, J. Deniau, N. Buderer et al., Increased iron-related MRI contrast in the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease, Neurology, vol.45, issue.6, pp.1138-1143, 1995.
DOI : 10.1212/WNL.45.6.1138

Y. He, P. Thong, T. Lee, S. Leong, B. Mao et al., Dopaminergic cell death precedes iron elevation in MPTP-injected monkeys, Free Radical Biology and Medicine, vol.35, issue.5, pp.540-547, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0891-5849(03)00385-X

M. Horowitz and J. Greenamyre, Mitochondrial Iron Metabolism and Its Role in Neurodegeneration, J Alzheimers Dis, vol.20, issue.2, pp.551-568, 2010.

E. Jacob, N. Gatto, A. Thompson, Y. Bordelon, and B. Ritz, Occurrence of depression and anxiety prior to Parkinson???s disease, Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, vol.16, issue.9, pp.576-581, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2010.06.014

M. Jimenez-del-rio, C. Guzman-martinez, and C. Velez-pardo, The Effects of Polyphenols on Survival and Locomotor Activity in Drosophila melanogaster Exposed to Iron and Paraquat, Neurochemical Research, vol.27, issue.Suppl 1, pp.227-238, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/s11064-009-0046-1

D. Kaur, F. Yantiri, S. Rajagopalan, J. Kumar, J. Mo et al., Genetic or Pharmacological Iron Chelation Prevents MPTP-Induced Neurotoxicity In Vivo, Neuron, vol.37, issue.6, pp.899-909, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00126-0

D. Kaur, J. Peng, S. Chinta, S. Rajagopalan, D. Monte et al., Increased murine neonatal iron intake results in Parkinson-like neurodegeneration with age, Neurobiology of Aging, vol.28, issue.6, pp.907-913, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2006.04.003

T. Lavaute, S. Smith, S. Cooperman, K. Iwai, W. Land et al., Targeted Deletion of the Gene Encoding Iron Regulatory Protein-2 Causes Misregulation of Iron Metabolism and Neurodegenerative Disease in Mice, Nature Genetics, vol.27, issue.2, pp.209-214, 2001.
DOI : 10.1038/84859

P. Lee, C. Halloran, and E. Beutler, Polymorphisms in the Transferrin 5??? Flanking Region Associated with Differences in Total Iron Binding Capacity: Possible Implications in Iron Homeostasis, Blood Cells, Molecules, and Diseases, vol.27, issue.2, pp.539-548, 2001.
DOI : 10.1006/bcmd.2001.0418

C. Levenson, R. Cutler, B. Ladenheim, J. Cadet, J. Hare et al., Role of dietary iron restriction in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease, Experimental Neurology, vol.190, issue.2, pp.506-514, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.expneurol.2004.08.014

E. Lin, J. Graziano, and G. Freyer, Regulation of the 75-kDa Subunit of Mitochondrial Complex I by Iron, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.276, issue.29, pp.27685-27692, 2001.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M100941200

R. Macgillivray, E. Mendez, S. Sinha, M. Sutton, J. Lineback-zins et al., The complete amino acid sequence of human serum transferrin., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.79, issue.8, pp.2504-2508, 1982.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.79.8.2504

W. Martin, M. Wieler, and M. Gee, Midbrain iron content in early Parkinson disease: A potential biomarker of disease status, Neurology, vol.70, issue.Issue 16, Part 2, pp.1411-1417, 2008.
DOI : 10.1212/01.wnl.0000286384.31050.b5

P. Mastroberardino, E. Hoffman, M. Horowitz, R. Betarbet, G. Taylor et al., A novel transferrin/TfR2-mediated mitochondrial iron transport system is disrupted in Parkinson's disease, Neurobiology of Disease, vol.34, issue.3, pp.417-431, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.nbd.2009.02.009

C. Mclaren, C. Garner, C. Constantine, S. Mclachlan, C. Vulpe et al., Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Genetic Loci Associated with Iron Deficiency, PLoS ONE, vol.102, issue.3, pp.17390-21483845, 2011.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0017390.t002

C. Mclaren, S. Mclachlan, C. Garner, C. Vulpe, V. Gordeuk et al., Associations between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Iron-Related Genes and Iron Status in Multiethnic Populations, PLoS ONE, vol.2, issue.6, pp.38339-22761678, 2012.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0038339.s003

S. Mehnert, I. Reuter, K. Schepp, P. Maaser, E. Stolz et al., Transcranial sonography for diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, BMC Neurology, vol.21, issue.10, 2010.
DOI : 10.1002/mds.21054

S. Michaeli, G. Oz, D. Sorce, M. Garwood, K. Ugurbil et al., Assessment of brain iron and neuronal integrity in patients with Parkinson's disease using novel MRI contrasts, Movement Disorders, vol.3, issue.3, pp.334-340, 2007.
DOI : 10.1002/mds.21227

T. Moos, P. Oates, and E. Morgan, Expression of the neuronal transferrin receptor is age dependent and susceptible to iron deficiency, The Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol.64, issue.3, pp.420-430, 1998.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19980831)398:3<420::AID-CNE8>3.0.CO;2-1

T. Moos and E. Morgan, The significance of the mutated divalent metal transporter (DMT1) on iron transport into the Belgrade rat brain, Journal of Neurochemistry, vol.28, issue.1, pp.233-245, 2004.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.02142.x

T. Moos, R. Nielsen, T. Skjorringe, T. Morgan, and E. , Iron trafficking inside the brain, Journal of Neurochemistry, vol.184, issue.5, pp.1730-1740, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.brainres.2003.10.066

C. Morris and J. Edwardson, Iron Histochemistry of the Substantia Nigra in Parkinson's Disease, Neurodegeneration, vol.3, issue.4, pp.277-282, 1994.

A. Oakley, J. Collingwood, J. Dobson, G. Love, H. Perrott et al., Individual dopaminergic neurons show raised iron levels in Parkinson disease, Neurology, vol.68, issue.21, pp.1820-1825, 2007.
DOI : 10.1212/01.wnl.0000262033.01945.9a

D. Olivares, X. Huang, L. Branden, N. Greig, and J. Rogers, Physiological and Pathological Role of Alpha-synuclein in Parkinson???s Disease Through Iron Mediated Oxidative Stress; The Role of a Putative Iron-responsive Element, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol.10, issue.3, pp.1226-1260, 2009.
DOI : 10.3390/ijms10031226

R. Ortega, P. Cloetens, G. Deves, A. Carmona, and S. Bohic, Iron Storage within Dopamine Neurovesicles Revealed by Chemical Nano-Imaging, PLoS ONE, vol.62, issue.9, pp.925-17895967, 2007.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0000925.g007
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00383874

B. Patel, R. Dunn, S. Jeong, Q. Zhu, J. Julien et al., Ceruloplasmin Regulates Iron Levels in the Cns and Prevents Free Radical Injury, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, vol.22, issue.15, pp.6578-6586, 2002.

J. Peng, L. Peng, F. Stevenson, S. Doctrow, and J. Andersen, Iron and Paraquat as Synergistic Environmental Risk Factors in Sporadic Parkinson's Disease Accelerate Age-Related Neurodegeneration, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.27, issue.26, pp.6914-6922, 2007.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1569-07.2007

S. Purcell, N. B. Todd-brown, K. Thomas, L. Ferreira, M. Bender et al., PLINK: A Tool Set for Whole-Genome Association and Population-Based Linkage Analyses, The American Journal of Human Genetics, vol.81, issue.3, pp.559-575, 2007.
DOI : 10.1086/519795

S. Rhodes and B. Ritz, Genetics of iron regulation and the possible role of iron in Parkinson's disease, Neurobiology of Disease, vol.32, issue.2, pp.183-195, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.nbd.2008.07.001

B. Ritz, S. Rhodes, Y. Bordelon, and J. Bronstein, ??-Synuclein Genetic Variants Predict Faster Motor Symptom Progression in Idiopathic Parkinson Disease, PLoS ONE, vol.75, issue.5, pp.36199-22615757, 2012.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0036199.t007

T. Rouault, D. Zhang, and S. Jeong, Brain iron homeostasis, the choroid plexus, and localization of iron transport proteins, Metabolic Brain Disease, vol.192, issue.4, pp.673-684, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/s11011-009-9169-y

B. Sarria, S. Navas-carretero, A. Lopez-parra, A. Perez-granados, E. Arroyo-pardo et al., The G277S transferrin mutation does not affect iron absorption in iron deficient women, European Journal of Nutrition, vol.51, issue.3, pp.57-60, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/s00394-006-0631-x

D. Schaid, C. Rowland, D. Tines, R. Jacobson, and G. Poland, Score Tests for Association between Traits and Haplotypes when Linkage Phase Is Ambiguous, The American Journal of Human Genetics, vol.70, issue.2, pp.425-434, 2002.
DOI : 10.1086/338688

G. Sengstock, C. Olanow, R. Menzies, A. Dunn, and G. Arendash, Infusion of iron into the rat substantia nigra: Nigral pathology and dose-dependent loss of striatal dopaminergic markers, Journal of Neuroscience Research, vol.10, issue.1, pp.67-82, 1993.
DOI : 10.1002/jnr.490350109

J. Sinwell and D. Schaid, Haplo Stats (version 1.5.0): Statistical Methods for Haplotypes When Linkage Phase is Ambiguous, p.10026895, 2013.

A. Snyder and J. Connor, Iron, the substantia nigra and related neurological disorders, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects, vol.1790, issue.7, pp.606-614, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.bbagen.2008.08.005

E. Sofic, W. Paulus, K. Jellinger, P. Riederer, and M. Youdim, Selective Increase of Iron in Substantia Nigra Zona Compacta of Parkinsonian Brains, Journal of Neurochemistry, vol.53, issue.3, pp.978-982, 1991.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00964867

G. Sutherland, G. Halliday, P. Silburn, F. Mastaglia, D. Rowe et al., Do Polymorphisms in the Familial Parkinsonism Genes Contribute to Risk for Sporadic Parkinson's Disease? Movement disorders : official journal of the, pp.833-838, 2009.

I. Sziraki, K. Mohanakumar, P. Rauhala, H. Kim, K. Yeh et al., Manganese: A transition metal protects nigrostriatal neurons from oxidative stress in the iron-induced animal model of Parkinsonism, Neuroscience, vol.85, issue.4, pp.1101-1111, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0306-4522(97)00660-X

T. Tanaka, C. Roy, W. Yao, A. Matteini, R. Semba et al., A genome-wide association analysis of serum iron concentrations, Blood, vol.115, issue.1, pp.94-96, 2010.
DOI : 10.1182/blood-2009-07-232496

B. Todorich, J. Pasquini, C. Garcia, P. Paez, and J. Connor, Oligodendrocytes and myelination: The role of iron, Glia, vol.18, issue.5 Part 2, pp.467-478, 2009.
DOI : 10.1002/glia.20784

M. Traglia, D. Girelli, G. Biino, N. Campostrini, M. Corbella et al., Association of HFE and TMPRSS6 genetic variants with iron and erythrocyte parameters is only in part dependent on serum hepcidin concentrations, Journal of Medical Genetics, vol.48, issue.9, pp.629-634, 2011.
DOI : 10.1136/jmedgenet-2011-100061

V. Uversky, J. Li, and A. Fink, Metal-triggered Structural Transformations, Aggregation, and Fibrillation of Human ??-Synuclein: A POSSIBLE MOLECULAR LINK BETWEEN PARKINSON'S DISEASE AND HEAVY METAL EXPOSURE, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.276, issue.47, pp.44284-44296, 2001.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M105343200

J. Vance, S. Ali, W. Bradley, C. Singer, D. Monte et al., Gene???environment interactions in Parkinson's disease and other forms of parkinsonism, NeuroToxicology, vol.31, issue.5, pp.598-602, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuro.2010.04.007

J. Wall and J. Pritchard, Assessing the Performance of the Haplotype Block Model of Linkage Disequilibrium, The American Journal of Human Genetics, vol.73, issue.3, pp.502-515, 2003.
DOI : 10.1086/378099

U. Walter, M. Wittstock, R. Benecke, and D. Dressler, Substantia Nigra Echogenicity Is Normal in Non- Extrapyramidal Cerebral Disorders but Increased in Parkinson's Disease, Journal of Neural Transmission, vol.109, issue.2, pp.191-196, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/s007020200015

W. Wesemann, S. Blaschke, M. Solbach, C. Grote, H. Clement et al., Intranigral injected iron progressively reduces striatal dopamine metabolism, Journal of Neural Transmission - Parkinson's Disease and Dementia Section, vol.17, issue.3, pp.209-214, 1994.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02260941

J. Whitfield, L. Cullen, E. Jazwinska, L. Powell, A. Heath et al., Effects of HFE C282Y and H63D Polymorphisms and Polygenic Background on Iron Stores in a Large Community Sample of Twins, The American Journal of Human Genetics, vol.66, issue.4, pp.1246-1258, 2000.
DOI : 10.1086/302862

L. Zecca, M. Youdim, P. Riederer, J. Connor, and R. Crichton, Iron, brain ageing and neurodegenerative disorders, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, vol.41, issue.11, pp.863-873, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-2952(99)00079-9

X. Zhang, W. Xie, S. Qu, T. Pan, X. Wang et al., Neuroprotection by Iron Chelator against Proteasome Inhibitor-Induced Nigral Degeneration. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, pp.544-549, 2005.