C. Mathers and D. Loncar, Projections of Global Mortality and Burden of Disease from 2002 to 2030, PLoS Medicine, vol.52, issue.11, p.442, 2006.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pmed.0030442.st007

P. Jha, C. Ramasundarahettige, V. Landsman, B. Rostron, M. Thun et al., 21st-Century Hazards of Smoking and Benefits of Cessation in the United States, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.368, issue.4, pp.21-341, 2013.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMsa1211128

R. Sakata, P. Mcgale, E. Grant, K. Ozasa, R. Peto et al., Impact of smoking on mortality and life expectancy in Japanese smokers: a prospective cohort study, BMJ, vol.345, issue.oct25 2, p.7093
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.e7093

K. Pirie, R. Peto, R. Gk, J. Green, and V. Beral, The 21st century hazards of smoking and benefits of stopping: a prospective study of one million women in the UK, The Lancet, vol.381, issue.9861, pp.133-141, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61720-6

Z. Frosch, L. Dierker, J. Rose, and R. Waldinger, Smoking trajectories, health, and mortality across the adult lifespan, Addictive Behaviors, vol.34, issue.8, pp.701-704, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.04.007

D. Levy, J. Ellis, D. Mays, and A. Huang, Smoking-related deaths averted due to three years of policy progress, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, vol.91, issue.7, pp.509-518, 2013.
DOI : 10.2471/BLT.12.113878

A. Mamun, A. Peeters, A. Barendregt, J. Willekens, F. Nusselder et al., Smoking decreases the duration of life lived with and without cardiovascular disease: a life course analysis of the Framingham Heart Study, European Heart Journal, vol.25, issue.5, pp.409-415, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ehj.2003.12.015

G. Devereux, Definition, epidemiology, and risk factors, BMJ, vol.332, issue.7550, pp.1142-1144, 2006.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.332.7550.1142

URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1459603

P. Lee, B. Forey, and K. Coombs, Systematic review with meta-analysis of the epidemiological evidence in the 1900s relating smoking to lung cancer, BMC Cancer, vol.7, issue.1, p.385, 2012.
DOI : 10.1186/1471-2407-12-385

F. Artaud, A. Dugravot, S. Sabia, A. Singh-manoux, C. Tzourio et al., Unhealthy behaviours and disability in older adults: Three-City Dijon cohort study, BMJ, vol.347, issue.jul23 1, p.4240, 2013.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.f4240

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-01147229

A. Strandberg, T. Strandberg, K. Pitkälä, V. Salomaa, R. Tilvis et al., The Effect of Smoking in Midlife on Health-Related Quality of Life in Old Age, Archives of Internal Medicine, vol.168, issue.18, pp.1968-1974, 2008.
DOI : 10.1001/archinte.168.18.1968

A. Belanger, L. Martel, J. Berthelot, and R. Wilkins, Gender Differences in Disability-Free Life Expectancy for Selected Risk Factors and Chronic Conditions in Canada, Journal of Women & Aging, vol.161, issue.1-2, pp.61-83, 2002.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1995.tb01341.x

L. Ferrucci, G. Izmirlian, L. S. Phillips, C. Corti, M. Brock et al., Smoking, Physical Activity, and Active Life Expectancy, American Journal of Epidemiology, vol.149, issue.7, pp.645-653, 1999.
DOI : 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009865

B. Klijs, J. Mackenbach, and A. Kunst, Obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption and years lived with disability: a Sullivan life table approach, BMC Public Health, vol.23, issue.1, p.378, 2011.
DOI : 10.1007/s11606-007-0456-1

I. Majer, W. Nusselder, J. Mackenbach, and A. Kunst, Life Expectancy and Life Expectancy With Disability of Normal Weight, Overweight, and Obese Smokers and Nonsmokers in Europe, Obesity, vol.34, issue.7, pp.1451-1459, 2011.
DOI : 10.1093/aje/152.3.264

M. Reuser, L. Bonneux, and F. Willekens, Smoking Kills, Obesity Disables: A Multistate Approach of the US Health and Retirement Survey, Obesity, vol.120, issue.Suppl 1, pp.783-789, 2009.
DOI : 10.1038/oby.2008.640

H. Bronnum-hansen and K. Juel, Abstention from smoking extends life and compresses morbidity: a population based study of health expectancy among smokers and never smokers in Denmark, Tobacco Control, vol.10, issue.3, pp.273-278, 2001.
DOI : 10.1136/tc.10.3.273

H. Bronnum-hansen, K. Juel, M. Davidsen, and J. Sorensen, Impact of selected risk factors on expected lifetime without long-standing, limiting illness in Denmark, Preventive Medicine, vol.45, issue.1, pp.49-53, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.03.010

W. Nusselder, C. Looman, P. Marang-van-de-mheen, H. Van-de-mheen, and J. Mackenbach, Smoking and the compression of morbidity, Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, vol.54, issue.8, pp.566-574, 2000.
DOI : 10.1136/jech.54.8.566

E. Gruenberg, The failure of success. The Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, Health Soc, vol.55, pp.3-24, 1977.

J. Fries, B. Bruce, and E. Chakravarty, Compression of Morbidity 1980???2011: A Focused Review of Paradigms and Progress, Journal of Aging Research, vol.17, issue.2, p.261702, 2011.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.250.21.2952

S. Demarest, J. Van-der-heyden, R. Charafeddine, S. Drieskens, L. Gisle et al., Methodological basics and evolution of the Belgian Health Interview Survey, p.24, 1997.

A. De-bruin, H. Picavet, and A. Nossikov, Health Interview Surveys: Towards International Harmonization of Methods and Instruments. World Health Organisation: Copenhagen, 1996.

J. Ware and C. Sherbourne, The MOS 36-ltem Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), Medical Care, vol.30, issue.6, pp.473-483, 1992.
DOI : 10.1097/00005650-199206000-00002

B. Kirkwood and S. J. , Poisson Regression In Essential Medical Statistics. secondth edition, Blackwell Science, pp.249-262, 2003.

R. Charafeddine, H. Van-oyen, and S. Demarest, Does the association between smoking and mortality differ by educational level?, Social Science & Medicine, vol.74, issue.9, pp.1402-1406, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.01.015

R. Charafeddine, S. Demarest, J. Van-der-heyden, J. Tafforeau, and H. Van-oyen, Using multiple measures of inequalities to study the time trends in social inequalities in smoking, The European Journal of Public Health, vol.23, issue.4, pp.546-551, 2012.
DOI : 10.1093/eurpub/cks083

C. Jagger, B. Cox, L. Roy, S. Clavel, A. Robine et al., Van Oyen H: Health Expectancy Calculation by the Sullivan Method: A Practical Guide Thirdth edition, pp.1-44, 2007.

D. Sullivan, A single index of mortality and morbidity. HSMHA Health Rep, pp.347-354, 1971.

W. Nusselder and C. Looman, Decomposition of Differences in Health Expectancy by Cause, Demography, vol.41, issue.2, pp.315-334, 2004.
DOI : 10.1353/dem.2004.0017

J. Robine, E. Cambois, W. Nusselder, B. Jeune, H. Van-oyen et al., The joint action on healthy life years (JA: EHLEIS) Arch Public Health, 2013.

H. Van-oyen, W. Nusselder, C. Jagger, P. Kolip, E. Cambois et al., Gender differences in healthy life years within the EU: an exploration of the ???health???survival??? paradox, International Journal of Public Health, vol.21, issue.1, pp.143-155, 2013.
DOI : 10.1007/s00038-012-0361-1

S. Azagba, M. Sharaf, and L. Xiao, Disparities in health care utilization by smoking status in Canada, International Journal of Public Health, vol.27, issue.4, pp.913-925, 2013.
DOI : 10.1007/s00038-013-0452-7

C. Holahan, C. Holahan, R. North, R. Hayes, D. Powers et al., Smoking Status, Physical Health-Related Quality of Life, and Mortality in Middle-Aged and Older Women, Nicotine & Tobacco Research, vol.15, issue.3, pp.662-669, 2013.
DOI : 10.1093/ntr/nts182

M. Laaksonen, O. Rahkonen, P. Martikainen, S. Karvonen, and E. Lahelma, Smoking and SF-36 health functioning, Preventive Medicine, vol.42, issue.3, pp.206-209, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ypmed.2005.12.003

E. Nolte and M. Mckee, Variations in amenable mortality?trends in 16 high-income nations. Health Policy, pp.47-52, 2011.

C. Mathers and J. Robine, How good is Sullivan's method for monitoring changes in population health expectancies?, Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, vol.51, issue.1, pp.80-86, 1997.
DOI : 10.1136/jech.51.1.80

S. Galea and M. Tracy, Participation Rates in Epidemiologic Studies, Annals of Epidemiology, vol.17, issue.9, pp.643-653, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.03.013

S. Demarest, J. Van-der-heyden, R. Charafeddine, J. Tafforeau, H. Van-oyen et al., Socio-economic differences in participation of households in a Belgian national health survey, The European Journal of Public Health, vol.23, issue.6, pp.981-985, 2012.
DOI : 10.1093/eurpub/cks158

V. Lorant, S. Demarest, P. Miermans, and H. Van-oyen, Survey error in measuring socio-economic risk factors of health status: a comparison of a survey and a census, International Journal of Epidemiology, vol.36, issue.6, pp.1292-1299, 2007.
DOI : 10.1093/ije/dym191

R. Charafeddine, N. Berger, S. Demarest, and H. Van-oyen, Using mortality follow-up of surveys to estimate social inequalities in healthy life years, Population Health Metrics, vol.64, issue.6, p.13, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.11.014

E. Vartiainen, T. Seppala, P. Lillsunde, and P. Puska, Validation of self reported smoking by serum cotinine measurement in a community-based study, Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, vol.56, issue.3
DOI : 10.1136/jech.56.3.167

K. Lagiewka, European innovation partnership on active and healthy ageing: what have been the policy drivers and determinants to set a headline target of 2 additional Healthy Life Years at birth at EU average by 2020? Arch Public Health, p.23, 2012.