I. Agartz, R. Momenan, R. Rawlings, M. Kerich, and D. Hommer, Hippocampal Volume in Patients With Alcohol Dependence, Archives of General Psychiatry, vol.56, issue.4, pp.356-363, 1999.
DOI : 10.1001/archpsyc.56.4.356

A. Aup-ee, B. Desgranges, F. Eustache, C. Lalev-ee, V. De-la-sayette et al., Voxel-Based Mapping of Brain Hypometabolism in Permanent Amnesia with PET, NeuroImage, vol.13, issue.6, pp.1164-1173, 2001.
DOI : 10.1006/nimg.2001.0762

S. Bleich, B. Bandelow, K. Javaheripour, A. M?-uller, D. Degner et al., Hyperhomocysteinemia as a new risk factor for brain shrinkage in patients with alcoholism, Neuroscience Letters, vol.335, issue.3, pp.179-182, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-3940(02)01194-1

S. Bleich, D. Degner, W. Sperling, D. B?-onsch, N. Th?-urauf et al., Homocysteine as a neurotoxin in chronic alcoholism, Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, vol.28, issue.3, pp.453-464, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2003.11.019

R. Breslow, P. Guenther, and B. Smothers, Alcohol Drinking Patterns and Diet Quality: The 1999-2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, American Journal of Epidemiology, vol.163, issue.4, pp.359-366, 2006.
DOI : 10.1093/aje/kwj050

A. Brody, M. Mandelkern, M. Jarvik, G. Lee, E. Smith et al., Differences between smokers and nonsmokers in regional gray matter volumes and densities, Biological Psychiatry, vol.55, issue.1, pp.77-84, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-3223(03)00610-3

N. Butters and J. Brandt, The Continuity Hypothesis The Relationship of Long-term Alcoholism to the Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome, Recent Dev Alcohol, vol.3, pp.207-226, 1985.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4615-7715-7_17

S. Chanraud, C. Leroy, C. Martelli, N. Kostogianni, F. Delain et al., Episodic Memory in Detoxified Alcoholics: Contribution of Grey Matter Microstructure Alteration, PLoS ONE, vol.27, issue.8, p.6786, 2009.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0006786.t003

S. Chanraud, C. Martelli, F. Delain, N. Kostogianni, G. Douaud et al., Brain Morphometry and Cognitive Performance in Detoxified Alcohol-Dependents with Preserved Psychosocial Functioning, Neuropsychopharmacology, vol.43, issue.2, pp.429-438, 2007.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.npp.1301219

S. Chanraud, M. Reynaud, M. Wessa, J. Penttila, N. Kostogianni et al., Diffusion Tensor Tractography in Mesencephalic Bundles: Relation to Mental Flexibility in Detoxified Alcohol-Dependent Subjects, Neuropsychopharmacology, vol.33, issue.5, pp.1223-1232, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.03.013

S. Chanraud-guillermo, J. Andoh, C. Martelli, E. Artiges, C. Pallier et al., Imaging of Language-Related Brain Regions in Detoxified Alcoholics, Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, vol.6, issue.1 Pt 1, pp.977-984, 2009.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.00918.x

W. Compton, Y. Thomas, F. Stinson, and B. Grant, Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Drug Abuse and Dependence in the United States, Archives of General Psychiatry, vol.64, issue.5, pp.566-576, 2007.
DOI : 10.1001/archpsyc.64.5.566

M. Cravo, L. Gl-oria, J. Selhub, M. Nadeau, M. Camilo et al., Hyperhomocysteinemia in chronic alcoholism: Correlation with folate, vitamin B-12, and vitamin B-6 status, Am J Clin Nutr, vol.63, pp.220-224, 1996.

M. Cravo and M. Camilo, Hyperhomocysteinemia in chronic alcoholism: relations to folic acid and vitamins b6 and b12 status, Nutrition, vol.16, issue.4, pp.296-302, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0899-9007(99)00297-X

J. Cummings, Frontal-Subcortical Circuits and Human Behavior, Archives of Neurology, vol.50, issue.8, pp.873-880, 1993.
DOI : 10.1001/archneur.1993.00540080076020

D. Bellis, M. Clark, D. Beers, S. Soloff, P. Boring et al., Hippocampal Volume in Adolescent-Onset Alcohol Use Disorders, American Journal of Psychiatry, vol.157, issue.5, pp.737-744, 2000.
DOI : 10.1176/appi.ajp.157.5.737

T. Durazzo, A. Mon, D. Pennington, C. Abe, S. Gazdzinski et al., Interactive effects of chronic cigarette smoking and age on brain volumes in controls and alcohol-dependent individuals in early abstinence, Addiction Biology, vol.54, issue.1, pp.132-143, 2014.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2012.00492.x

R. Fama, L. Marsh, and E. Sullivan, Dissociation of remote and anterograde memory impairment and neural correlates in alcoholic Korsakoff syndrome, Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, vol.166, issue.03, pp.427-441, 2004.
DOI : 10.1080/01688638908400937

R. Fama, A. Pfefferbaum, and E. Sullivan, Perceptual Learning in Detoxified Alcoholic Men: Contributions From Explicit Memory, Executive Function, and Age, Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, vol.76, issue.11, pp.1657-1665, 2004.
DOI : 10.1037/0894-4105.10.4.517

R. Fama, A. Pfefferbaum, and E. Sullivan, Visuoperceptual Learning in Alcoholic Korsakoff Syndrome, Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, vol.217, issue.4, pp.680-687, 2006.
DOI : 10.1038/228628a0

G. Fein and B. Landman, Treated and treatment-naive alcoholics come from different populations, Alcohol, vol.36, pp.19-26, 2005.

G. Fein, S. Mcgillivray, and P. Finn, Normal Performance on a Simulated Gambling Task in Treatment-Naive Alcohol-Dependent Individuals, Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, vol.49, issue.6, pp.959-966, 2006.
DOI : 10.1037/0893-164X.19.2.148

N. Focke, G. Helms, S. Kaspar, C. Diederich, V. Toth et al., Multi-site voxel-based morphometry ??? Not quite there yet, NeuroImage, vol.56, issue.3, pp.1164-1170, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.02.029

J. Fuster, Synopsis of function and dysfunction of the frontal lobe, Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, vol.90, issue.s395, pp.51-58, 1999.
DOI : 10.1093/cercor/5.3.205

J. Gallinat, E. Meisenzahl, L. Jacobsen, P. Kalus, J. Bierbrauer et al., Smoking and structural brain deficits: a volumetric MR investigation, European Journal of Neuroscience, vol.49, issue.Suppl. 20, pp.1744-1750, 2006.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.05050.x

S. Gazdzinski, T. Durazzo, C. Studholme, E. Song, P. Banys et al., Quantitative Brain MRI in Alcohol Dependence: Preliminary Evidence for Effects of Concurrent Chronic Cigarette Smoking on Regional Brain Volumes, Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, vol.30, issue.8, pp.1484-1495, 2005.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50637.x

N. Giuliani, V. Calhoun, G. Pearlson, A. Francis, and R. Buchanan, Voxel-based morphometry versus region of interest: a comparison of two methods for analyzing gray matter differences in schizophrenia, Schizophrenia Research, vol.74, issue.2-3, pp.135-147, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.schres.2004.08.019

C. Good, R. Scahill, N. Fox, J. Ashburner, K. Friston et al., Automatic Differentiation of Anatomical Patterns in the Human Brain: Validation with Studies of Degenerative Dementias, NeuroImage, vol.17, issue.1, pp.29-46, 2002.
DOI : 10.1006/nimg.2002.1202

B. Grant, R. Goldstein, S. Chou, B. Huang, F. Stinson et al., Sociodemographic and psychopathologic predictors of first incidence of DSM-IV substance use, mood and anxiety disorders: results from the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, Molecular Psychiatry, vol.27, issue.11, pp.1051-1066, 2009.
DOI : 10.1001/archpsyc.64.3.318

B. Grant, F. Stinson, D. Dawson, S. Chou, M. Dufour et al., Prevalence and Co-occurrence of Substance Use Disorders and IndependentMood and Anxiety Disorders, Archives of General Psychiatry, vol.61, issue.8, pp.807-816, 2004.
DOI : 10.1001/archpsyc.61.8.807

T. Greenfield, M. Nayak, J. Bond, Y. Ye, and L. Midanik, Maximum Quantity Consumed and Alcohol-Related Problems: Assessing the Most Alcohol Drunk With Two Measures, Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, vol.58, issue.9, pp.1576-1582, 2006.
DOI : 10.1037//0003-066X.54.2.93

I. Guerrini, A. Thomson, and H. Gurling, Molecular Genetics of Alcohol-Related Brain Damage, Alcohol and Alcoholism, vol.44, issue.2, pp.166-170, 2009.
DOI : 10.1093/alcalc/agn101

C. Habas, N. Kamdar, D. Nguyen, K. Prater, C. Beckmann et al., Distinct Cerebellar Contributions to Intrinsic Connectivity Networks, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.29, issue.26, pp.8586-8594, 2009.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1868-09.2009

C. Harper, Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency and associated brain damage is still common throughout the world and prevention is simple and safe!, European Journal of Neurology, vol.20, issue.10, pp.1078-1082, 2006.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2001.tb02134.x

C. Harper and I. Matsumoto, Ethanol and brain damage, Current Opinion in Pharmacology, vol.5, issue.1, pp.73-78, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.coph.2004.06.011

D. Hasin, F. Stinson, E. Ogburn, and B. Grant, Prevalence, Correlates, Disability, and Comorbidity of DSM-IV Alcohol Abuse and Dependence in the United States, Archives of General Psychiatry, vol.64, issue.7, pp.830-842, 2007.
DOI : 10.1001/archpsyc.64.7.830

S. Hill, D. Bellis, M. Keshavan, M. Lowers, L. Shen et al., Right amygdala volume in adolescent and young adult offspring from families at high risk for developing alcoholism, Biological Psychiatry, vol.49, issue.11, pp.894-905, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-3223(01)01088-5

J. Jovicich, S. Czanner, X. Han, D. Salat, A. Van-der-kouwe et al., MRI-derived measurements of human subcortical, ventricular and intracranial brain volumes: Reliability effects of scan sessions, acquisition sequences, data analyses, scanner upgrade, scanner vendors and field strengths, NeuroImage, vol.46, issue.1, pp.177-192, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.02.010

Y. Jung, S. Chanraud, and E. Sullivan, Neuroimaging of Wernicke???s Encephalopathy and Korsakoff???s Syndrome, Neuropsychology Review, vol.30, issue.1, pp.170-180, 2012.
DOI : 10.1007/s11065-012-9203-4

R. Kelly and P. Strick, Cerebellar loops with motor cortex and prefrontal cortex of a nonhuman primate, J Neurosci, vol.23, pp.8432-8444, 2003.

S. Kono, H. Miyajima, K. Yoshida, A. Togawa, K. Shirakawa et al., Mutations in a Thiamine-Transporter Gene and Wernicke's-like Encephalopathy, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.360, issue.17, pp.1792-1794, 2009.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMc0809100

M. Kopelman, The Korsakoff syndrome, The British Journal of Psychiatry, vol.166, issue.2, pp.154-173, 1995.
DOI : 10.1192/bjp.166.2.154

J. Kril and C. Harper, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology Associated with Korsakoff???s Syndrome, Neuropsychology Review, vol.54, issue.Pt 1, pp.72-80, 2012.
DOI : 10.1007/s11065-012-9195-0

L. Berre, A. Rauchs, G. , L. Joie, R. et al., Impaired decision-making and brain shrinkage in alcoholism, European Psychiatry, vol.29, issue.3, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2012.10.002

L. Berre, A. Rauchs, G. , L. Joie, R. Segobin et al., Readiness to change and brain damage in patients with chronic alcoholism, Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, vol.213, issue.3, pp.202-209, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2013.03.009

K. Leonard, E. Bromet, D. Parkinson, and N. Day, Agreement among Feighner, RDC and DSM III criteria for alcoholism, Addictive Behaviors, vol.9, issue.3, pp.319-322, 1984.
DOI : 10.1016/0306-4603(84)90029-7

T. Li, B. Hewitt, and B. Grant, IS THERE A FUTURE FOR QUANTIFYING DRINKING IN THE DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT, AND PREVENTION OF ALCOHOL USE DISORDERS?, Alcohol and Alcoholism, vol.42, issue.2, pp.57-63, 2007.
DOI : 10.1093/alcalc/agl125

C. Lieber, Relationships between nutrition, alcohol use, and liver disease, Alcohol Res Health, vol.27, pp.220-231, 2003.

B. Likar, M. Viergever, and F. Pernus, Retrospective correction of MR intensity inhomogeneity by information minimization, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, vol.20, issue.12, pp.1398-1410, 2001.
DOI : 10.1109/42.974934

S. Loeber, T. Duka, H. Welzel, H. Nakovics, A. Heinz et al., Impairment of Cognitive Abilities and Decision Making after Chronic Use of Alcohol: The Impact of Multiple Detoxifications, Alcohol and Alcoholism, vol.44, issue.4, pp.372-381, 2009.
DOI : 10.1093/alcalc/agp030

N. Makris, M. Oscar-berman, S. Jaffin, S. Hodge, D. Kennedy et al., Decreased Volume of the Brain Reward System in Alcoholism, Biological Psychiatry, vol.64, issue.3, pp.192-202, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.01.018

P. Martin, C. Singleton, and S. Hiller-sturmhofel, The role of thiamine deficiency in alcoholic brain disease, Alcohol Res Health, vol.27, pp.134-142, 2003.

D. Mathalon, E. Sullivan, J. Rawles, and A. Pfefferbaum, Correction for head size in brain-imaging measurements, Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, vol.50, issue.2, pp.121-139, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0925-4927(93)90016-B

K. Merikangas, J. He, M. Burstein, S. Swanson, S. Avenevoli et al., Lifetime Prevalence of Mental Disorders in U.S. Adolescents: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication???Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A), Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, vol.49, issue.10, pp.980-989, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaac.2010.05.017

D. Meyerhoff, Y. Tizabi, J. Staley, T. Durazzo, J. Glass et al., Smoking Comorbidity in Alcoholism: Neurobiological and Neurocognitive Consequences, Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, vol.8, issue.2, pp.253-264, 2006.
DOI : 10.1097/01.ALC.0000150007.34702.16

Y. Moriyama, M. Mimura, M. Kato, A. Yoshino, T. Hara et al., Executive Dysfunction and Clinical Outcome in Chronic Alcoholics, Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, vol.75, issue.8, pp.1239-1244, 2002.
DOI : 10.1097/00000374-200001000-00006

J. Nurnberger, . Jr, R. Wiegand, K. Bucholz, O. Connor et al., A Family Study of Alcohol Dependence, Archives of General Psychiatry, vol.61, issue.12, pp.1246-1256, 2004.
DOI : 10.1001/archpsyc.61.12.1246

O. Daly, O. Trick, L. Scaife, J. Marshall, J. Ball et al., Withdrawal-Associated Increases and Decreases in Functional Neural Connectivity Associated with Altered Emotional Regulation in Alcoholism, Neuropsychopharmacology, vol.20, issue.10, pp.2267-2276, 2012.
DOI : 10.1038/npp.2012.77

M. Oscar-berman, S. Kirkley, D. Gansler, and A. Couture, Comparisons of Korsakoff and Non-Korsakoff Alcoholics on Neuropsychological Tests of Prefrontal Brain Functioning, Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, vol.186, issue.4, pp.667-675, 2004.
DOI : 10.1034/j.1600-0404.2002.0o315.x

A. Pfefferbaum, S. Chanraud, A. Pitel, A. Shankaranarayanan, D. Alsop et al., Volumetric cerebral perfusion imaging in healthy adults: Regional distribution, laterality, and repeatability of pulsed continuous arterial spin labeling (PCASL), Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, vol.182, issue.3, pp.266-273, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2010.02.010

A. Pfefferbaum, K. Lim, R. Zipursky, D. Mathalon, M. Rosenbloom et al., Brain Gray and White Matter Volume Loss Accelerates with Aging in Chronic Alcoholics: A Quantitative MRI Study, Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, vol.53, issue.6, pp.1078-1089, 1992.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00294379

A. Pfefferbaum, T. Rohlfing, M. Rosenbloom, and E. Sullivan, Combining atlas-based parcellation of regional brain data acquired across scanners at 1.5T and 3.0T field strengths, NeuroImage, vol.60, issue.2, pp.940-951, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.01.092

A. Pfefferbaum, M. Rosenbloom, K. Crusan, and T. Jernigan, Brain CT Changes in Alcoholics: Effects of Age and Alcohol Consumption, Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, vol.3, issue.1, pp.81-87, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6

A. Pfefferbaum, M. Rosenbloom, E. Adalsteinsson, and E. Sullivan, Diffusion tensor imaging with quantitative fibre tracking in HIV infection and alcoholism comorbidity: synergistic white matter damage, Brain, vol.130, issue.1, pp.48-64, 2007.
DOI : 10.1093/brain/awl242

A. Pfefferbaum, M. Rosenbloom, S. Sassoon, C. Kemper, S. Deresinski et al., Regional Brain Structural Dysmorphology in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: Effects of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, Alcoholism, and Age, Biological Psychiatry, vol.72, issue.5, pp.361-370, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.02.018

A. Pfefferbaum, M. Rosenbloom, K. Serventi, and E. Sullivan, Brain Volumes, RBC Status, and Hepatic Function in Alcoholics After 1 and 4 Weeks of Sobriety: Predictors of Outcome, American Journal of Psychiatry, vol.161, issue.7, pp.1190-1196, 2004.
DOI : 10.1176/appi.ajp.161.7.1190

A. Pfefferbaum, E. Sullivan, D. Mathalon, P. Shear, M. Rosenbloom et al., Longitudinal Changes in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Brain Volumes in Abstinent and Relapsed Alcoholics, Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, vol.10, issue.5, pp.1177-1191, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-510X(89)90177-9

A. Pitel, A. Aup-ee, G. Ch-etelat, F. Beaunieux, H. De-la-sayette et al., Morphological and Glucose Metabolism Abnormalities in Alcoholic Korsakoff's Syndrome: Group Comparisons and Individual Analyses, PLoS ONE, vol.19, issue.11, p.7748, 2009.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0007748.g004

A. Pitel, H. Beaunieux, T. Witkowski, F. Vabret, V. De-la-sayette et al., Episodic and Working Memory Deficits in Alcoholic Korsakoff Patients: The Continuity Theory Revisited, Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, vol.34, issue.Pt 1A, pp.1229-1241, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00677.x

A. Pitel, G. Ch-etelat, L. Berre, A. Desgranges, B. Eustache et al., Macrostructural abnormalities in Korsakoff syndrome compared with uncomplicated alcoholism, Neurology, vol.78, issue.17, pp.1330-1333, 2012.
DOI : 10.1212/WNL.0b013e318251834e
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00652244

A. Pitel, N. Zahr, K. Jackson, S. Sassoon, M. Rosenbloom et al., Signs of Preclinical Wernicke's Encephalopathy and Thiamine Levels as Predictors of Neuropsychological Deficits in Alcoholism without Korsakoff's Syndrome, Neuropsychopharmacology, vol.45, issue.3, pp.580-588, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-510X(82)90145-9

M. Ratti, P. Bo, A. Giardini, and D. Soragna, Chronic alcoholism and the frontal lobe: which executive functions are imparied?, Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, vol.105, issue.4, pp.276-281, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0306-4603(96)00006-8

M. Ratti, D. Soragna, L. Sibilla, A. Giardini, A. Albergati et al., Cognitive impairment and cerebral atrophy in ???heavy drinkers???, Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, vol.23, issue.2, pp.243-258, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0278-5846(98)00103-1

T. Rohlfing and C. Maurer, Nonrigid image registration in shared-memory multiprocessor environments with application to brains, breasts, and bees, IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, vol.7, issue.1, pp.16-25, 2003.
DOI : 10.1109/TITB.2003.808506

T. Rohlfing, N. Zahr, E. Sullivan, and A. Pfefferbaum, The SRI24 multichannel atlas of normal adult human brain structure, Human Brain Mapping, vol.20, issue.Suppl S, pp.798-819, 2010.
DOI : 10.1002/hbm.20906

M. Rosenbloom, A. Pfefferbaum, and E. Sullivan, Recovery of Short-Term Memory and Psychomotor Speed but Not Postural Stability With Long-Term Sobriety in Alcoholic Women., Neuropsychology, vol.18, issue.3, pp.589-597, 2004.
DOI : 10.1037/0894-4105.18.3.589

M. Rosenbloom, T. Rohlfing, O. Reilly, A. Sassoon, S. Pfefferbaum et al., Improvement in memory and static balance with abstinence in alcoholic men and women: Selective relations with change in brain structure, Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, vol.155, issue.2, pp.91-102, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2006.12.019

P. Sachdev, Homocysteine and brain atrophy, Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, vol.29, issue.7, pp.1152-1161, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2005.06.026

J. Schmahmann, The Role of the Cerebellum in Cognition and Emotion: Personal Reflections Since 1982 on the Dysmetria of Thought Hypothesis, and Its Historical Evolution from Theory to Therapy, Neuropsychology Review, vol.17, issue.5, pp.236-260, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/s11065-010-9142-x

G. Sechi and A. Serra, Wernicke's encephalopathy: new clinical settings and recent advances in diagnosis and management, The Lancet Neurology, vol.6, issue.5, pp.442-455, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/S1474-4422(07)70104-7

P. Shear, E. Sullivan, B. Lane, and A. Pfefferbaum, Mammillary Body and Cerebellar Shrinkage in Chronic Alcoholics with and without Amnesia, Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, vol.4, issue.8, pp.1489-1495, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0925-4927(95)02618-8

H. Skinner and W. Sheu, Reliability of alcohol use indices. The Lifetime Drinking History and the MAST., Journal of Studies on Alcohol, vol.43, issue.11, pp.1157-1170, 1982.
DOI : 10.15288/jsa.1982.43.1157

S. Smith, Fast robust automated brain extraction, Human Brain Mapping, vol.20, issue.3, pp.143-155, 2002.
DOI : 10.1002/hbm.10062

S. Spilka, L. N. , O. Tovar, and M. , Les drogues a 17 ans : Premiers r esultats de l'enqu^ ete ESCAPAD, p.79, 2011.

R. Spitzer, J. Endicott, and E. Robins, Reseach Diagnostic Criteria (RDC), Biometric Research, 1975.

J. Stiles and T. Jernigan, The Basics of Brain Development, Neuropsychology Review, vol.2, issue.1, pp.327-348, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/s11065-010-9148-4

E. Sullivan, Compromised Pontocerebellar and Cerebellothalamocortical Systems: Speculations on Their Contributions to Cognitive and Motor Impairment in Nonamnesic Alcoholism, Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, vol.15, issue.9, pp.1409-1419, 2003.
DOI : 10.1002/cne.902650207

E. Sullivan, A. Deshmukh, J. Desmond, K. Lim, and A. Pfefferbaum, Cerebellar volume decline in normal aging, alcoholism, and Korsakoff's syndrome: Relation to ataxia., Neuropsychology, vol.14, issue.3, pp.341-352, 2000.
DOI : 10.1037/0894-4105.14.3.341

E. Sullivan, B. Lane, A. Deshmukh, M. Rosenbloom, J. Desmond et al., In Vivo Mammillary Body Volume Deficits in Amnesic and Nonamnesic Alcoholics, Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, vol.1, issue.10, pp.1629-1636, 1999.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1996.tb01171.x

E. Sullivan and L. Marsh, Hippocampal volume deficits in alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome, Neurology, vol.61, issue.12, pp.1716-1719, 2003.
DOI : 10.1212/01.WNL.0000098940.31882.BB

E. Sullivan, L. Marsh, D. Mathalon, K. Lim, and A. Pfefferbaum, Anterior Hippocampal Volume Deficits in Nonamnesic, Aging Chronic Alcoholics, Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, vol.53, issue.1, pp.110-122, 1995.
DOI : 10.1002/cne.902250112

E. Sullivan and A. Pfefferbaum, Neuroimaging of the Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome, Alcohol and Alcoholism, vol.44, issue.2, pp.155-165, 2009.
DOI : 10.1093/alcalc/agn103

E. Sullivan, M. Rosenbloom, K. Serventi, A. Deshmukh, and A. Pfefferbaum, Effects of Alcohol Dependence Comorbidity and Antipsychotic Medication on Volumes of the Thalamus and Pons in Schizophrenia, American Journal of Psychiatry, vol.160, issue.6, pp.1110-1116, 2003.
DOI : 10.1176/appi.ajp.160.6.1110

J. Swendsen, M. Burstein, B. Case, K. Conway, L. Dierker et al., Use and abuse of alcohol and illicit drugs in US adolescents: Results of the National Comorbidity Survey- Adolescent Supplement, Arch Gen Psychiatry, vol.69, pp.390-398, 2012.

A. Thomson, Mechanisms of vitamin deficiency in chronic alcohol misusers and the development of the Wernicke- Korsakoff syndrome, Alcohol Alcohol, vol.35, pp.2-7, 2000.

A. Thomson, I. Guerrini, and E. Marshall, The Evolution and Treatment of Korsakoff's Syndrome, Neuropsychology Review, vol.77, issue.Suppl. 1, pp.81-92, 2012.
DOI : 10.1007/s11065-012-9196-z

A. Thomson, M. Jeyasingham, O. Pratt, and G. Shaw, Nutrition and alcoholic encephalopathies, Acta Med Scand, vol.717, pp.55-65, 1987.

A. Thomson and E. Marshall, THE NATURAL HISTORY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF WERNICKE'S ENCEPHALOPATHY AND KORSAKOFF'S PSYCHOSIS, Alcohol and Alcoholism, vol.41, issue.2, pp.151-158, 2006.
DOI : 10.1093/alcalc/agh249

K. Todd and R. Butterworth, Mechanisms of Selective Neuronal Cell Death due to Thiamine Deficiency, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol.149, issue.1 OXIDATIVE/ENE, pp.404-411, 1999.
DOI : 10.1023/B:MEBR.0000007108.14989.e8

J. Uekermann, I. Daum, P. Schlebusch, B. Wiebel, and U. Trenckmann, Depression and cognitive functioning in alcoholism, Addiction, vol.19, issue.11, pp.1521-1530, 2003.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2003.00526.x

M. Victor, MR in the diagnosis of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome., American Journal of Roentgenology, vol.155, issue.6, pp.1315-1316, 1990.
DOI : 10.2214/ajr.155.6.2122686

M. Victor, R. Adams, and G. Collins, The Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. A clinical and pathological study of 245 patients, 82 with post-mortem examinations, Contemp Neurol Ser, vol.7, pp.1-206, 1971.

M. Victor, K. Herman, and E. White, A psychological study of the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Results of Wechsler- Bellevue intelligence scale and Wechsler memory scale testing at different stages in the disease, Q J Stud Alcohol, vol.20, pp.467-479, 1959.

J. Whitwell, K. Josephs, M. Rossor, J. Stevens, T. Revesz et al., Magnetic Resonance Imaging Signatures of Tissue Pathology in Frontotemporal Dementia, Archives of Neurology, vol.62, issue.9, pp.1402-1408, 2005.
DOI : 10.1001/archneur.62.9.1402

N. Zahr, A. Pitel, S. Chanraud, and E. Sullivan, Contributions of Studies on Alcohol Use Disorders to Understanding Cerebellar Function, Neuropsychology Review, vol.173, issue.22, pp.280-289, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/s11065-010-9141-y

Y. Zhang, M. Brady, and S. Smith, Segmentation of brain MR images through a hidden Markov random field model and the expectation-maximization algorithm, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, vol.20, issue.1, pp.45-57, 2001.
DOI : 10.1109/42.906424