R. Loeser, S. Goldring, C. Scanzello, and M. Goldring, Osteoarthritis: A disease of the joint as an organ, Arthritis & Rheumatism, vol.216, issue.6, pp.1697-1707, 2012.
DOI : 10.1002/art.34453

J. Sellam and F. Berenbaum, The role of synovitis in pathophysiology and clinical symptoms of osteoarthritis, Nature Reviews Rheumatology, vol.67, issue.11, pp.625-635, 2010.
DOI : 10.1038/nrrheum.2010.159

M. Kapoor, J. Martel-pelletier, D. Lajeunesse, J. Pelletier, and H. Fahmi, Role of proinflammatory cytokines in the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis, Nature Reviews Rheumatology, vol.12, issue.1, pp.33-42, 2011.
DOI : 10.1038/nrrheum.2010.196

C. Scanzello and S. Goldring, The role of synovitis in osteoarthritis pathogenesis, Bone, vol.51, issue.2, pp.249-257
DOI : 10.1016/j.bone.2012.02.012

M. Mahjoub, F. Berenbaum, and X. Houard, Why subchondral bone in osteoarthritis? The importance of the cartilage bone interface in osteoarthritis, Osteoporosis International, vol.54, issue.Suppl 2, pp.841-846, 2012.
DOI : 10.1007/s00198-012-2161-0

S. Goldring, Alterations in periarticular bone and cross talk between subchondral bone and articular cartilage in osteoarthritis, Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease, vol.4, issue.4, pp.249-258, 2012.
DOI : 10.1177/1759720X12437353

R. Lories and F. Luyten, The bone???cartilage unit in osteoarthritis, Nature Reviews Rheumatology, vol.69, issue.1, pp.43-49, 2011.
DOI : 10.1038/nrrheum.2010.197

M. Mutabaruka, A. Aissa, M. Delalandre, A. Lavigne, M. Lajeunesse et al., Local leptin production in osteoarthritis subchondral osteoblasts may be responsible for their abnormal phenotypic expression, Arthritis Research & Therapy, vol.12, issue.1, p.20, 2010.
DOI : 10.1186/ar2925

H. Tilg and A. Moschen, Adipocytokines: mediators linking adipose tissue, inflammation and immunity, Nature Reviews Immunology, vol.187, issue.10, pp.772-783, 2006.
DOI : 10.1038/nri1937

R. Gomez, J. Conde, M. Scotece, J. Gomez-reino, F. Lago et al., What's new in our understanding of the role of adipokines in rheumatic diseases?, Nature Reviews Rheumatology, vol.1732, issue.9, pp.528-536, 2011.
DOI : 10.1038/nrrheum.2011.107

O. Gabay and F. Berenbaum, Adipokines in Arthritis: New Kids on the Block, Current Rheumatology Reviews, vol.5, issue.4, pp.226-232, 2009.
DOI : 10.2174/157339709790192440

J. Bijlsma, F. Berenbaum, and F. Lafeber, Osteoarthritis: an update with relevance for clinical practice, The Lancet, vol.377, issue.9783, pp.2115-2126, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60243-2

B. Samal, Y. Sun, G. Stearns, C. Xie, S. Suggs et al., Cloning and characterization of the cDNA encoding a novel human pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor., Molecular and Cellular Biology, vol.14, issue.2, pp.1431-1437, 1994.
DOI : 10.1128/MCB.14.2.1431

T. Luk, Z. Malam, and J. Marshall, Pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor (PBEF)/visfatin: a novel mediator of innate immunity, Journal of Leukocyte Biology, vol.83, issue.4, pp.804-816, 2008.
DOI : 10.1189/jlb.0807581

F. Brentano, O. Schorr, C. Ospelt, J. Stanczyk, R. Gay et al., Pre???B cell colony-enhancing factor/visfatin, a new marker of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis with proinflammatory and matrix-degrading activities, Arthritis & Rheumatism, vol.41, issue.9, pp.2829-2839, 2007.
DOI : 10.1002/art.22833

M. Gosset, F. Berenbaum, C. Salvat, A. Sautet, A. Pigenet et al., Crucial role of visfatin/pre???B cell colony-enhancing factor in matrix degradation and prostaglandin E2 synthesis in chondrocytes: Possible influence on osteoarthritis, Arthritis & Rheumatism, vol.48, issue.5, pp.1399-1409, 2008.
DOI : 10.1002/art.23431

A. Moschen, A. Kaser, B. Enrich, B. Mosheimer, M. Theurl et al., Visfatin, an Adipocytokine with Proinflammatory and Immunomodulating Properties, The Journal of Immunology, vol.178, issue.3, pp.1748-1758, 2007.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.178.3.1748

T. Wang, X. Zhang, P. Bheda, J. Revollo, S. Imai et al., Structure of Nampt/PBEF/visfatin, a mammalian NAD+ biosynthetic enzyme, Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, vol.8, issue.7, pp.661-662, 2006.
DOI : 10.1038/nsmb1114

M. Ziegler, New functions of a long-known molecule, European Journal of Biochemistry, vol.270, issue.6, pp.1550-1564, 2000.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01187.x

J. Khan, X. Tao, and L. Tong, Molecular basis for the inhibition of human NMPRTase, a novel target for anticancer agents, Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, vol.11, issue.7, pp.582-588, 2006.
DOI : 10.1038/nsmb1105

K. Wosikowski, K. Mattern, I. Schemainda, M. Hasmann, B. Rattel et al., WK175, a novel antitumor agent, decreases the intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide concentration and induces the apoptotic cascade in human leukemia cells, Cancer Res, vol.62, pp.1057-1062, 2002.

M. Hasmann and I. Schemainda, FK866, a highly specific noncompetitive inhibitor of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, represents a novel mechanism for induction of tumor cell apoptosis, Cancer Res, vol.63, pp.7436-7442, 2003.

N. Busso, M. Karababa, M. Nobile, A. Rolaz, F. Van-gool et al., Pharmacological Inhibition of Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase/Visfatin Enzymatic Activity Identifies a New Inflammatory Pathway Linked to NAD, PLoS ONE, vol.222, issue.5, p.2267, 2008.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0002267.t001

M. Otero, R. Lago, R. Gomez, F. Lago, C. Dieguez et al., Changes in plasma levels of fat-derived hormones adiponectin, leptin, resistin and visfatin in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, vol.65, issue.9, pp.1198-1201, 2006.
DOI : 10.1136/ard.2005.046540

F. Meier, K. Frommer, M. Peters, F. Brentano, S. Lefevre et al., Visfatin/Pre-B-cell Colony-enhancing Factor (PBEF), a Proinflammatory and Cell Motility-changing Factor in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.287, issue.34, pp.28378-28385, 2012.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M111.312884

L. Evans, A. Williams, A. Hayes, S. Jones, and M. Nowell, Selective inhibition of PBEF/Visfatin/NAMPT suppresses leukocyte infiltration and cartilage degradation, Arthritis Rheum, vol.1002, p.30338, 2011.

C. Jacques, M. Holzenberger, Z. Mladenovic, C. Salvat, E. Pecchi et al., Proinflammatory Actions of Visfatin/Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) Involve Regulation of Insulin Signaling Pathway and Nampt Enzymatic Activity, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.287, issue.18, pp.15100-15108, 2012.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M112.350215

R. Yammani and R. Loeser, Extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT/visfatin) inhibits insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling and proteoglycan synthesis in human articular chondrocytes, Arthritis Research & Therapy, vol.14, issue.1, p.23, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.biochi.2004.10.019

R. Altman, E. Asch, D. Bloch, G. Bole, D. Borenstein et al., Development of criteria for the classification and reporting of osteoarthritis: Classification of osteoarthritis of the knee, Arthritis & Rheumatism, vol.1, issue.8, pp.1039-1049, 1986.
DOI : 10.1002/art.1780290816

K. Chauffier, M. Laiguillon, C. Bougault, M. Gosset, S. Priam et al., Induction of the chemokine IL-8/Kc by the articular cartilage: Possible influence on osteoarthritis, Joint Bone Spine, vol.79, issue.6, pp.604-609, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jbspin.2011.12.013

M. Gosset, F. Berenbaum, S. Thirion, and C. Jacques, Primary culture and phenotyping of murine chondrocytes, Nature Protocols, vol.176, issue.8, pp.1253-1260, 2008.
DOI : 10.1038/nprot.2008.95

C. Sanchez, O. Gabay, C. Salvat, Y. Henrotin, and F. Berenbaum, Mechanical loading highly increases IL-6 production and decreases OPG expression by osteoblasts. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, pp.473-481, 2009.

A. Bakker and J. Klein-nulend, Osteoblast Isolation from Murine Calvariae and Long Bones, Methods Mol Med, vol.80, pp.19-28, 2003.
DOI : 10.1385/1-59259-366-6:19

R. Blaise, M. Mahjoub, C. Salvat, U. Barbe, C. Brou et al., Involvement of the notch pathway in the regulation of matrix metalloproteinase 13 and the dedifferentiation of articular chondrocytes in murine cartilage, Arthritis & Rheumatism, vol.11, issue.Pt 6, pp.428-439, 2009.
DOI : 10.1002/art.24250

W. Chen, J. Bao, J. Feng, P. Hu, Z. Shi et al., Increased serum concentrations of visfatin and its production by different joint tissues in patients with osteoarthritis, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, vol.48, issue.8, pp.1141-1145, 2010.
DOI : 10.1515/CCLM.2010.230

I. Klein-wieringa, M. Kloppenburg, Y. Bastiaansen-jenniskens, E. Yusuf, J. Kwekkeboom et al., Ioan-Facsinay A: The infrapatellar fat pad of patients with osteoarthritis has an inflammatory phenotype

Y. Duan, D. Hao, M. Li, Z. Wu, D. Li et al., Increased synovial fluid visfatin is positively linked to cartilage degradation biomarkers in osteoarthritis, Rheumatology International, vol.65, issue.9, pp.985-990, 2012.
DOI : 10.1007/s00296-010-1731-8

S. Imai, The NAD World: A New Systemic Regulatory Network for Metabolism and Aging???Sirt1, Systemic NAD Biosynthesis, and Their Importance, Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics, vol.51, issue.2, pp.65-74, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/s12013-008-9041-4

A. Korner, A. Garten, M. Bluher, R. Tauscher, J. Kratzsch et al., Molecular Characteristics of Serum Visfatin and Differential Detection by Immunoassays, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.92, issue.12, pp.4783-4791, 2007.
DOI : 10.1210/jc.2007-1304

A. Garten, S. Petzold, A. Barnikol-oettler, A. Korner, W. Thasler et al., Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT/PBEF/visfatin) is constitutively released from human hepatocytes, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol.391, issue.1, pp.376-381, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.11.066

T. Romacho, V. Azcutia, M. Vazquez-bella, N. Matesanz, E. Cercas et al., Extracellular PBEF/NAMPT/visfatin activates pro-inflammatory signalling in human vascular smooth muscle cells through nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase activity, Diabetologia, vol.283, issue.11, pp.2455-2463, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/s00125-009-1509-2