M. Dijon, J. Freysz, C. Yeguiayan, and . Avena, Sébastien André, Philippe Reviron, Service d'Anesthésie Réanimation -SAMU 21

C. Grenoble, C. Jacquot, J. Gourle, and . Brun, Frédéric Mongenot, Département d'Anesthésie Réanimation, Elisabeth Rancurel

P. Lille, H. Goldstein, V. M. Coadou, D. Garrigue, and S. Rosenberg, SAMU 59 Service d'Accueil des Urgences Service d'Anesthésie Neurochirurgicale Service d'Anesthésie Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier Régional et universitaire de Lille. Limoges: Dominique Cailloce, Stéphanie Sebban, SAMU, vol.87, issue.69

F. Marseille, C. M. Antonini, and J. Gouraud, SAMU 44 Pôle Anesthésie Réanimation

J. Paris-ile-de-france, C. Duranteau, G. Laplace, B. Cheisson, P. Vigué et al., Service d'Accueil des Urgences Armelle Nicolas Robin, Département d'Anesthésie Réanimation, Groupe Hospitalier La Pitié- Salpêtrière, Paris Coordination center for data monitoring and statistical analysis-Centre d'Investigation clinique-Epidémiologique clinique du CHU de Dijon (INSERM CIE 01) Alexandra Félin (study monitor) Local research assistants, Christine Binquet (head statistician), Elodie Gautier and Sandrine Vinault (statisticians/data managers) Brigitte Lafond and Françoise Casano

S. Ruchholtz, C. Waydhas, T. Schroeder, K. Piepenbrink, H. Kühl et al., The value of computed tomography in the early treatment of seriously injured patients, Der Chirurg, vol.73, issue.10, pp.1005-1012, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/s00104-002-0429-1

L. Rivas, J. Fishman, F. Munera, and D. Bajayo, Multislice CT in thoracic trauma, Radiologic Clinics of North America, vol.41, issue.3, pp.599-616, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0033-8389(03)00027-7

D. Stengel, K. Bauwens, J. Sehouli, G. Rademacher, S. Mutze et al., Emergency ultrasound-based algorithms for diagnosing blunt abdominal trauma, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, p.4446, 2005.

T. Wurmb, P. Fruhwald, W. Hopfner, T. Keil, M. Kredel et al., Whole-Body Multislice Computed Tomography as the First Line Diagnostic Tool in Patients With Multiple Injuries: The Focus on Time, The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care, vol.66, issue.3, pp.658-665, 2009.
DOI : 10.1097/TA.0b013e31817de3f4

S. Huber-wagner, R. Lefering, L. Qvick, M. Korner, M. Kay et al., Effect of whole-body CT during trauma resuscitation on survival: a retrospective, multicentre study, The Lancet, vol.373, issue.9673, pp.1455-1461, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60232-4

P. Weninger, M. Figl, R. Spitaler, and W. Mauritz, Early Unreamed Intramedullary Nailing of Femoral Fractures is Safe in Patients With Severe Thoracic Trauma, The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care, vol.62, issue.3, pp.692-696, 2007.
DOI : 10.1097/01.ta.0000243203.38466.e0

D. Stengel, M. Frank, G. Matthes, U. Schmucker, J. Seifert et al., Primary pan-computed tomography for blunt multiple trauma: can the whole be better than its parts?, Injury, vol.40, pp.40-76, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.injury.2009.10.035

J. Yeguiayan, D. Garrigue, C. Binquet, C. Jacquot, J. Duranteau et al., Medical pre-hospital management reduces mortality in severe blunt trauma: a prospective epidemiological study, Critical Care, vol.15, issue.1, p.34, 2011.
DOI : 10.1097/01.TA.0000034231.94460.1F
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00709107

H. Champion, W. Copes, W. Sacco, M. Lawnick, L. Bain et al., A New Characterization of Injury Severity, The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care, vol.30, issue.5, pp.539-545, 1990.
DOI : 10.1097/00005373-199005000-00003

B. Riou, P. Carli, M. Thicoïpé, and P. Atain-kouadio, Comment évaluer la gravité, Paris: SFEM Editions, vol.2002, pp.113-128

R. Alexander and H. Proctor, Advanced trauma life support course for physicians. Resource document 2. Prehospital triage criteria. Chicago: American College of Surgeons, pp.317-318, 1993.

D. Agostino and R. , Propensity score methods for bias reduction in the comparison of q treatment to a non-randomized control group, pp.2265-2281, 1998.

D. Hosmer, T. Hosmer, L. Cessie, S. Lemeshow, and S. , A comparison of goodness-of-fit tests for the logistic regression model, pp.965-980, 1997.

Z. Yang, A. Olomu, W. Corser, and D. Rovner, Holmes-Rovner M: Outpatient medication use and health outcomes in post-acute coronary syndrome patients, Am J Manag Care, vol.12, pp.581-587, 2006.

E. Wu, N. El-bassel, L. Gilbert, M. Chang, and G. Sanders, Effects of receiving additional off-site services on abstinence from illicit drug use among men on methadone: A longitudinal study, Evaluation and Program Planning, vol.33, issue.4, pp.403-409, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2009.11.001

C. Boyd, M. Tolson, and W. Copes, Evaluating Trauma Care, The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care, vol.27, issue.4, pp.370-378, 1987.
DOI : 10.1097/00005373-198704000-00005

S. Hollis, D. Yates, M. Woodford, and P. Foster, Standardized Comparison of Performance Indicators in Trauma, The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care, vol.38, issue.5, pp.763-766, 1995.
DOI : 10.1097/00005373-199505000-00015

E. Peytel, F. Menegaux, P. Cluzel, O. Langeron, P. Coriat et al., Initial imaging assessment of severe blunt trauma, Intensive Care Medicine, vol.27, issue.11, pp.1756-1761, 2001.
DOI : 10.1007/s00134-001-1119-z

T. Wurmb, C. Quaisser, H. Balling, M. Kredel, R. Muellenbach et al., Whole-body multislice computed tomography (MSCT) improves trauma care in patients requiring surgery after multiple trauma, Emergency Medicine Journal, vol.28, issue.4, pp.300-304, 2011.
DOI : 10.1136/emj.2009.082164

H. Champion, W. Sacco, and T. Hunt, Trauma severity scoring to predict mortality, World Journal of Surgery, vol.18, issue.1, pp.4-11, 1983.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01655906

H. Champion, W. Copes, W. Sacco, M. Lawnick, S. Keast et al., The Major Trauma Outcome Study, The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care, vol.30, issue.11, pp.1356-1365, 1990.
DOI : 10.1097/00005373-199011000-00008

H. Champion, W. Sacco, W. Copes, D. Gann, T. Gennarelli et al., A Revision of the Trauma Score, The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care, vol.29, issue.5, pp.623-629, 1989.
DOI : 10.1097/00005373-198905000-00017

R. Rutledge, The Injury Severity Score Is Unable to Differentiate between Poor Care and Severe Injury, The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care, vol.40, issue.6, pp.944-950, 1996.
DOI : 10.1097/00005373-199606000-00013

R. Rossaint, B. Bouillon, V. Cerny, T. Coats, J. Duranteau et al., Management of bleeding following major trauma: an updated European guideline, Critical Care, vol.14, issue.2, p.52, 2010.
DOI : 10.1186/cc8943

K. Tanaka, N. Key, and J. Levy, Blood Coagulation: Hemostasis and Thrombin Regulation, Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol.108, issue.5, pp.1433-1446, 2009.
DOI : 10.1213/ane.0b013e31819bcc9c

D. Kreis, . Jr, G. Plasencia, D. Augenstein, J. Davis et al., Preventable Trauma Deaths, The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care, vol.26, issue.7, pp.649-654, 1986.
DOI : 10.1097/00005373-198607000-00010

C. Cayten, W. Stahl, N. Agarwal, and J. Murphy, Analyses of Preventable Deaths by Mechanism of Injury Among 13,500 Trauma Admissions, Annals of Surgery, vol.214, issue.4, pp.510-520, 1991.
DOI : 10.1097/00000658-199110000-00015

E. Thoburn, P. Norris, R. Flores, S. Goode, E. Rodriguez et al., System care improves trauma outcome: Patient care errors dominate reduced preventable death rate, The Journal of Emergency Medicine, vol.11, issue.2, pp.135-139, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0736-4679(93)90507-4

P. Teixeira, K. Inaba, P. Hadjizacharia, C. Brown, A. Salim et al., Preventable or Potentially Preventable Mortality at a Mature Trauma Center, The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care, vol.63, issue.6, pp.1338-1346, 2007.
DOI : 10.1097/TA.0b013e31815078ae

S. Agolini, K. Shah, J. Jaffe, J. Newcomb, M. Rhodes et al., Arterial Embolization Is a Rapid and Effective Technique for Controlling Pelvic Fracture Hemorrhage, The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care, vol.43, issue.3, pp.395-399, 1997.
DOI : 10.1097/00005373-199709000-00001

D. Spahn, V. Cerny, T. Coats, J. Duranteau, E. Fernández-mondéjar et al., Management of bleeding following major trauma: a European guideline, Critical Care, vol.11, issue.1, p.17, 2007.
DOI : 10.1186/cc5686

L. Fairfax, A. Christmas, M. Deaugustinis, L. Gordon, K. Head et al., Has the pendulum swung too far? The impact of missed abdominal injuries in the era of nonoperative management, Am Surg, vol.75, pp.558-563, 2009.

M. Self, A. Blake, M. Whitley, L. Nadalo, and E. Dunn, The benefit of routine thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic computed tomography to evaluate trauma patients with closed head injuries, The American Journal of Surgery, vol.186, issue.6, pp.609-613, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2003.08.003

T. Gennarelli, H. Champion, W. Sacco, W. Copes, and W. Alves, Mortality of Patients with Head Injury and Extracranial Injury Treated in Trauma Centers, The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care, vol.29, issue.9, pp.1193-1201, 1989.
DOI : 10.1097/00005373-198909000-00002

P. Perel, I. Roberts, O. Bouamra, M. Woodford, J. Mooney et al., Intracranial bleeding in patients with traumatic brain injury: A prognostic study, BMC Emergency Medicine, vol.20, issue.1, p.15, 2009.
DOI : 10.4103/0028-3886.28109

R. Cooke, B. Mcnicholl, and D. Byrnes, Use of the Injury Severity Score in head injury, Injury, vol.26, issue.6, pp.399-400, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0020-1383(95)00064-G

R. Grandhi, T. Duane, T. Dechert, A. Malhotra, M. Aboutanos et al., Anticoagulation and the elderly head trauma patient, Am Surg, vol.74, pp.802-805, 2008.

J. Yeguiayan, N. Rosencher, and M. Freysz, Tranexamic acid for trauma, The Lancet, vol.376, issue.9746, p.1050, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61478-X

B. Riou, P. Landais, B. Vivien, P. Stell, I. Labbene et al., Distribution of the Probability of Survival Is a Strategic Issue for Randomized Trials in Critically Ill Patients, Anesthesiology, vol.95, issue.1, pp.56-63, 2001.
DOI : 10.1097/00000542-200107000-00014

. Yeguiayan, Critical Care, p.101, 2012.