A. H. Sohn, L. Messerschmidt, B. Petersen, . Treat-asia, . Foundation et al., Australia) Latin America/Caribbean region

J. Wrenn, B. Shepherd, D. Masys, and C. Mcgowan, Central Africa region, Amo- Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo)

J. Atibu and M. Kiumbu, IeDEA Central Africa Regional Office, Democratic Republic of the Congo); I

J. Hemingway-foday and G. , Woelk (RTI International, US) Eastern Africa region, Diero, E. Sang (Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare

G. Somi and R. , Swai (Tanzania National AIDS Control Programme , Tanzania); H. Mtiro (Ocean Road Cancer Institute, Tanzania); I

. Maruchu, Tumbi Regional Hospital, Tanzania); R. Lyamuya (Morogoro Regional Hospital, Tanzania)

. Dickinson, Botswana); S. Phiri (Lighthouse Clinic, Malawi); C, Gaborone Independent Hospital

E. M. Mulenga, J. S. Stringer, and . Stringer, Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Zambia)

S. Charalambous, C. J. Hoffmann, G. J. Churchyard, D. Garone, G. Van-cutsemkhayelitsha et al., Aurum Institute Western Africa region, South Africa J. Giddy (McCord Hospital, University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa South Africa); H. Prozesky (Tygerberg Academic Hospital, South Africa South Africa

A. Minga and F. O. , Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine a ` Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire)

. Ba-gomis, Centre Intégré de Recherche Bioclinique d'Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire)

S. Koule, Unité de Soins Ambulatoires et de Conseil, Côte d'Ivoire)

D. K. Zannou, Benin); M. Charurat (Institute of Human Virology, Nigeria); P. Salif Sow, Senegal

F. Ekouevi and . France, US National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases, US

S. Rosen, M. Fox, and C. Gill, Patient Retention in Antiretroviral Therapy Programs in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review, PLoS Medicine, vol.44, issue.10, 2007.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040298.sd001

M. Fox and S. Rosen, Patient retention in antiretroviral therapy programs up to three years on treatment in sub-Saharan Africa, 2007-2009: systematic review, Tropical Medicine & International Health, vol.3, issue.1, pp.1-15, 2007.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2010.02508.x

D. Ekouevi, E. Balestre, F. Ba-gomis, S. Eholie, and M. Maiga, Low retention of HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy in 11 clinical centres in West Africa, Tropical Medicine & International Health, vol.85, issue.1, pp.34-42, 2010.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2010.02505.x

C. Mcgowan, P. Cahn, E. Gotuzzo, D. Padgett, and J. Pape, Cohort Profile: Caribbean, Central and South America Network for HIV research (CCASAnet) collaboration within the International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) programme, International Journal of Epidemiology, vol.36, issue.5, pp.969-976, 2007.
DOI : 10.1093/ije/dym073

F. Dabis, E. Balestre, P. Braitstein, P. Miotti, and W. Brinkhof, Cohort profile: Antiretroviral Therapy in Lower Income Countries (ART-LINC): international collaboration of treatment cohorts, Int J Epidemiol, vol.34, pp.979-986, 2005.

B. Chi, R. Cantrell, A. Mwango, A. Westfall, and W. Mutale, An Empirical Approach to Defining Loss to Follow-up Among Patients Enrolled in Antiretroviral Treatment Programs, American Journal of Epidemiology, vol.171, issue.8, pp.924-931, 2010.
DOI : 10.1093/aje/kwq008

J. Stringer, I. Zulu, J. Levy, E. Stringer, and A. Mwango, Rapid Scale-up of Antiretroviral Therapy at Primary Care Sites in Zambia, JAMA, vol.296, issue.7, pp.782-793, 2006.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.296.7.782

C. Bolton-moore, M. Mubiana-mbewe, R. Cantrell, N. Chintu, and E. Stringer, Clinical Outcomes and CD4 Cell Response in Children Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy at Primary Health Care Facilities in Zambia, JAMA, vol.298, issue.16, pp.1888-1899, 2007.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.298.16.1888

E. Geng, D. Nash, A. Kambugu, Y. Zhang, and P. Braitstein, Retention in Care among HIV-Infected Patients in Resource-Limited Settings: Emerging Insights and New Directions, Current HIV/AIDS Reports, vol.15, issue.Suppl 1, pp.234-244, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/s11904-010-0061-5

M. Brinkhof, F. Dabis, L. Myer, D. Bangsberg, and A. Boulle, Early loss of HIV-infected patients on potent antiretroviral therapy programmes in lowerincome countries, Bull World Health Organ, vol.86, pp.559-567, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00182959

E. Geng, N. Emenyonu, M. Bwana, D. Glidden, and J. Martin, Sampling-Based Approach to Determining Outcomes of Patients Lost to Follow-Up in Antiretroviral Therapy Scale-Up Programs in Africa, JAMA, vol.300, issue.5, pp.506-507, 2008.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.300.5.506

C. Cesar, B. Shepherd, A. Krolewiecki, V. Fink, and M. Schechter, Rates and Reasons for Early Change of First HAART in HIV-1-Infected Patients in 7 Sites throughout the Caribbean and Latin America, PLoS ONE, vol.5, issue.6, 2010.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0010490.s004

K. Wools-kaloustian, S. Kimaiyo, B. Musick, J. Sidle, and A. Siika, The impact of the President??s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief on expansion of HIV care services for adult patients in western Kenya, AIDS, vol.23, issue.2, pp.195-201, 2009.
DOI : 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32831cc0e6

K. Wools-kaloustian, S. Kimaiyo, L. Diero, A. Siika, and J. Sidle, Viability and effectiveness of large-scale HIV treatment initiatives in sub-Saharan Africa: experience from western Kenya, AIDS, vol.20, issue.1, pp.41-48, 2006.
DOI : 10.1097/01.aids.0000196177.65551.ea

P. Braitstein, M. Brinkhof, F. Dabis, M. Schechter, and A. Boulle, Mortality of HIV-1-infected patients in the first year of antiretroviral therapy: comparison between low-income and high-income countries, Lancet, vol.367, pp.817-824, 2006.

S. Tuboi, M. Schechter, C. Mcgowan, C. Cesar, and A. Krolewiecki, Mortality During the First Year of Potent Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-1-Infected Patients in 7 Sites Throughout Latin America and the Caribbean, JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, vol.51, issue.5, pp.615-623, 2009.
DOI : 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181a44f0a

K. Falster, J. Choi, B. Donovan, C. Duncombe, and B. Mulhall, AIDS-related and non-AIDS-related mortality in the Asia-Pacific region in the era of combination antiretroviral treatment, AIDS, vol.23, issue.17, pp.2323-2336, 2009.
DOI : 10.1097/QAD.0b013e328331910c

B. Larson, A. Brennan, L. Mcnamara, L. Long, and S. Rosen, Early loss to follow up after enrolment in pre-ART care at a large public clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa, Tropical Medicine & International Health, vol.159, issue.1, pp.43-47, 2010.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2010.02511.x

M. Mcguire, T. Munyenyembe, E. Szumilin, A. Heinzelmann, L. Paih et al., Vital status of pre-ART and ART patients defaulting from care in rural Malawi, Tropical Medicine & International Health, vol.7, issue.1, pp.55-62, 2010.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2010.02504.x

C. Holmes, M. Williams-sherlock, and P. Bouey, Monitoring and evaluation of PEPFAR treatment programmes, The Lancet, vol.374, issue.9696, pp.1146-1147, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61741-4

M. Brinkhof, M. Pujades-rodriguez, and M. Egger, Mortality of Patients Lost to Follow-Up in Antiretroviral Treatment Programmes in Resource-Limited Settings: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, PLoS ONE, vol.3, issue.6, 2009.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0005790.s001

C. Yiannoutsos, M. An, C. Frangakis, B. Musick, and P. Braitstein, Sampling-Based Approaches to Improve Estimation of Mortality among Patient Dropouts: Experience from a Large PEPFAR-Funded Program in Western Kenya, PLoS ONE, vol.86, issue.12, 2008.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0003843.t003

M. Egger, B. Spycher, J. Sidle, R. Weigel, and E. Geng, Correcting Mortality for Loss to Follow-Up: A Nomogram Applied to Antiretroviral Treatment Programmes in Sub-Saharan Africa, PLoS Medicine, vol.6, issue.1, 2011.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000390.s003

R. Lester, P. Ritvo, E. Mills, A. Kariri, and S. Karanja, Effects of a mobile phone short message service on antiretroviral treatment adherence in Kenya (WelTel Kenya1): a randomised trial, The Lancet, vol.376, issue.9755, pp.1838-1845, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61997-6

H. Behforouz, P. Farmer, and J. Mukherjee, From Directly Observed Therapy to Accompagnateurs: Enhancing AIDS Treatment Outcomes in Haiti and in Boston, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.38, issue.Supplement 5, pp.429-436, 2004.
DOI : 10.1086/421408

D. Krebs, B. Chi, Y. Mulenga, M. Morris, and R. Cantrell, Community-based follow-up for late patients enrolled in a district-wide programme for antiretroviral therapy in Lusaka, Zambia, AIDS Care, vol.96, issue.3, pp.311-317, 2008.
DOI : 10.1097/01.aids.0000226951.49353.ed