OBJECTIVES: To describe the frequency with which members of the French general population in the 30-to-69 age class sought care for lower back pain (LBP) from various healthcare professionals and to identify associated parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data were collected in the 2002-2003 Décennale Santé survey, which is representative of ordinary households in continental France. We assessed the frequency with which the 17,792 surveyed individuals sought care for LBP by considering consultations with healthcare professionals in general and consultations with general practitioners and physiotherapists in particular. RESULTS: Among the survey subjects, 4.5% reported that they had sought treatment for LBP from a healthcare professional at least once during the 2-month survey period. The decision to seek care was correlated with the characteristics of the LBP. The duration of the pain was associated with the frequency of all types of consultation studied here. Sociodemographic, economic and occupational risk factors were also involved. Consultation with a physiotherapist was related to income. CONCLUSION: These results from a representative sample of the French general population show that the factors associated with seeking treatment for LBP differ according to the type of healthcare professional consulted.