J. Escudier, Finland) for the gift of wild type and knocked-down Hela cells for HSF1Plateforme de synthè se d'Oligonucleótides modifie´smodifie´s de l'Interface Chimie Biologie de l'ITAV-Toulouse-France) for the synthesis of oligonucleotide probes for in situ analysis, They also thank L. de Koening and Dr G. Almouzni (Curie Institute Dr C. Ranquet and Dr H

(. I. Geiselman, A. Roget-grenoble-), C. Verdel, and C. Jolly, Souchier and C. Tenaud (IAB, Grenoble) for helpful discussions, comments and help in data analysis

A. Nationale-pour-la-recherche, Episperm et empreinte) (to S

C. Lyon-auvergne-rho?nerho?ne-alpes-through, E. , E. Framework, C. V. , S. K. et al., Institut national du Cancer (Epistress) (to C.V. and S.K.); by EC 6th framework program grant RISCRAD, fellowship from the region Rho?neRho?ne-Alpes (Emergence) and the Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale (to A.E.). Funding for open access charge: INSERM and Institut National du Cancer

R. 1. Grewal, S. I. Elgin, and S. C. , Transcription and RNA interference in the formation of heterochromatin, Nature, vol.282, issue.7143, pp.399-406, 2007.
DOI : 10.1038/nature05914

T. A. Volpe, C. Kidner, I. M. Hall, G. Teng, S. I. Grewal et al., Regulation of Heterochromatic Silencing and Histone H3 Lysine-9 Methylation by RNAi, Science, vol.297, issue.5588, pp.1833-1837, 2002.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1074973

M. Zaratiegui, D. V. Irvine, and R. A. Martienssen, Noncoding RNAs and Gene Silencing, Cell, vol.128, issue.4, pp.763-776, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cell.2007.02.016
URL : http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2007.02.016

D. J. Amor, P. Kalitsis, H. Sumer, and K. H. Choo, Building the centromere: from foundation proteins to 3D organization, Trends in Cell Biology, vol.14, issue.7, pp.359-368, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tcb.2004.05.009

J. Prosser, M. Frommer, C. Paul, and P. C. Vincent, Sequence relationships of three human satellite DNAs, Journal of Molecular Biology, vol.187, issue.2, pp.145-155, 1986.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-2836(86)90224-X

B. Vissel and K. H. Choo, Human alpha satellite DNA - consensus sequence and conserved regions, Nucleic Acids Research, vol.15, issue.16, pp.6751-6752, 1987.
DOI : 10.1093/nar/15.16.6751

A. Eymery, M. Callanan, and C. Vourc-'h, The secret message of heterochromatin: new insights into the mechanisms and function of centromeric and pericentric repeat sequence transcription, The International Journal of Developmental Biology, vol.53, issue.2-3, pp.259-268, 2009.
DOI : 10.1387/ijdb.082673ae
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00414090

C. Jolly, A. Metz, J. Govin, M. Vigneron, B. M. Turner et al., Stress-induced transcription of satellite III repeats, The Journal of Cell Biology, vol.5, issue.1, pp.25-33, 2004.
DOI : 10.1002/bies.10274
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00333362

N. Rizzi, M. Denegri, I. Chiodi, M. Corioni, R. Valgardsdottir et al., Transcriptional Activation of a Constitutive Heterochromatic Domain of the Human Genome in Response to Heat Shock, Molecular Biology of the Cell, vol.15, issue.2, pp.543-551, 2004.
DOI : 10.1091/mbc.E03-07-0487

G. Biamonti, Opinion: Nuclear stress bodies: a heterochromatin affair?, Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, vol.14, issue.6, pp.493-498, 2004.
DOI : 10.1038/ng1252

T. P. Chendrimada, R. I. Gregory, E. Kumaraswamy, J. Norman, N. Cooch et al., TRBP recruits the Dicer complex to Ago2 for microRNA processing and gene silencing, Nature, vol.251, issue.7051, pp.740-744, 2005.
DOI : 10.1038/ng1253

A. Van-den-broek, E. Brambilla, D. Moro-sibilot, S. Lantuejoul, C. Brambilla et al., Loss of Histone H4K20 Trimethylation Occurs in Preneoplasia and Influences Prognosis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Clinical Cancer Research, vol.14, issue.22, pp.7237-7245, 2008.
DOI : 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-0869

F. Bertucci, K. Bernard, B. Loriod, Y. C. Chang, S. Granjeaud et al., Sensitivity Issues in DNA Array-Based Expression Measurements and Performance of Nylon Microarrays for Small Samples, Human Molecular Genetics, vol.8, issue.9, pp.1715-1722, 1999.
DOI : 10.1093/hmg/8.9.1715

B. Horard, A. Eymery, G. Fourel, N. Vassetzky, J. Puechberty et al., Global analysis of DNA methylation and transcription of human repetitive sequences., Epigenetics, vol.4, issue.5, pp.339-350, 2009.
DOI : 10.4161/epi.4.5.9284
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00851248

C. Jolly, L. Konecny, D. L. Grady, Y. A. Kutskova, J. J. Cotto et al., In vivo binding of active heat shock transcription factor 1 to human chromosome 9 heterochromatin during stress, The Journal of Cell Biology, vol.112, issue.5, pp.775-781, 2002.
DOI : 10.1101/gad.13.17.2231

A. Jordan, D. Bisgrove, and E. Verdin, HIV reproducibly establishes a latent infection after acute infection of T cells in vitro, The EMBO Journal, vol.22, issue.8, 2003.
DOI : 10.1093/emboj/cdg188

A. G. Matera and D. C. Ward, hybridization, Human Molecular Genetics, vol.1, issue.7, pp.535-539, 1992.
DOI : 10.1093/hmg/1.7.535

H. J. Cooke and J. Hindley, Cloning of human satellite III DNA: different components are on different chromosomes, Nucleic Acids Research, vol.6, issue.10, pp.3177-3197, 1979.
DOI : 10.1093/nar/6.10.3177

R. K. Moyzis, K. L. Albright, M. F. Bartholdi, L. S. Cram, L. L. Deaven et al., Human chromosome-specific repetitive DNA sequences: novel markers for genetic analysis, Chromosoma, vol.174, issue.6, pp.375-386, 1987.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00333988

K. H. Choo, E. Earle, B. Vissel, and P. A. Kalitsis, Chromosome 14-specific human satellite III DNA subfamily that shows variable presence on different chromosomes 14, Am. J. Hum. Genet, vol.50, pp.706-716, 1992.

I. Tagarro, A. M. Ferna´ndezferna´ndez-peralta, and J. J. Gonzaíez-aguilera, Chromosomal localization of human satellites 2 and 3 by a FISH method using oligonucleotides as probes, Human Genetics, vol.93, issue.4, pp.383-388, 1994.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00201662

F. Perocchi, Z. Xu, S. Clauder-munster, and L. M. Steinmetz, Antisense artifacts in transcriptome microarray experiments are resolved by actinomycin D, Nucleic Acids Research, vol.35, issue.19, p.128, 2007.
DOI : 10.1093/nar/gkm683

L. Fanti and S. Pimpinelli, HP1: a functionally multifaceted protein, Current Opinion in Genetics & Development, vol.18, issue.2, pp.169-174, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.gde.2008.01.009

C. Jolly and S. C. Lakhotia, Human sat III and Drosophila hsr omega transcripts: a common paradigm for regulation of nuclear RNA processing in stressed cells, Nucleic Acids Research, vol.35, issue.8, pp.5508-5514, 2006.
DOI : 10.1093/nar/gkm128
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00334259

P. Trojer and D. Reinberg, Facultative Heterochromatin: Is There a Distinctive Molecular Signature?, Molecular Cell, vol.28, issue.1, pp.1-13, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.molcel.2007.09.011

A. Verdel, S. Jia, S. Gerber, T. Sugiyama, S. Gygi et al., RNAi-Mediated Targeting of Heterochromatin by the RITS Complex, Science, vol.303, issue.5658, pp.672-676, 2004.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1093686
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00444432

M. Buhler and D. Moazed, Transcription and RNAi in heterochromatic gene silencing, Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, vol.442, issue.11, pp.1041-1048, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cell.2007.05.022

T. Fukagawa, M. Nogami, M. Yoshikawa, M. Ikeno, T. Okazaki et al., Dicer is essential for formation of the heterochromatin structure in vertebrate cells, Nature Cell Biology, vol.14, issue.8, pp.784-791, 2004.
DOI : 10.1093/emboj/18.15.4196

Z. Jehan, S. Vallinayagam, S. Tiwari, S. Pradhan, L. Singh et al., Novel noncoding RNA from human Y distal heterochromatic block (Yq12) generates testis-specific chimeric CDC2L2, Genome Research, vol.17, issue.4, pp.433-440, 2007.
DOI : 10.1101/gr.5155706

J. Govin, E. Escoffier, S. Rousseaux, L. Kuhn, M. Ferro et al., Pericentric heterochromatin reprogramming by new histone variants during mouse spermiogenesis, The Journal of Cell Biology, vol.42, issue.3, pp.283-294, 2007.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M206065200
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00176730

A. J. Simpson, O. L. Caballero, A. Jungbluth, Y. T. Chen, and L. J. Old, Cancer/testis antigens, gametogenesis and cancer, Nature Reviews Cancer, vol.62, issue.8, pp.615-625, 2005.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.t01-1-00827.x

B. Lehnertz, Y. Ueda, A. A. Derijck, U. Braunschweig, L. Perez-burgos et al., Suv39h-Mediated Histone H3 Lysine 9 Methylation Directs DNA Methylation to Major Satellite Repeats at Pericentric Heterochromatin, Current Biology, vol.13, issue.14, pp.1192-1200, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00432-9

J. H. Martens, R. J. O-'sullivan, U. Braunschweig, S. Opravil, M. Radolf et al., The profile of repeat-associated histone lysine methylation states in the mouse epigenome, The EMBO Journal, vol.168, issue.4, pp.800-812, 2005.
DOI : 10.1038/nature01262

R. Valgardsdottir, I. Chiodi, M. Giordano, A. Rossi, S. Bazzini et al., Transcription of Satellite III non-coding RNAs is a general stress response in human cells, Nucleic Acids Research, vol.36, issue.2, pp.423-434, 2008.
DOI : 10.1093/nar/gkm1056

M. F. Fraga, E. Ballestar, A. Villar-garea, M. Boix-chornet, J. Espada et al., Loss of acetylation at Lys16 and trimethylation at Lys20 of histone H4 is a common hallmark of human cancer, Nature Genetics, vol.9, issue.4, pp.391-400, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/S1097-2765(02)00740-2