J. Hirsch and B. Batchelor, Adipose tissue cellularity in human obesity, Clinics in Endocrinology and Metabolism, vol.5, issue.2, pp.299-311, 1976.
DOI : 10.1016/S0300-595X(76)80023-0

D. Hausman, M. Digirolamo, T. Bartness, G. Hausman, and R. Martin, The biology of white adipocyte proliferation, Obesity Reviews, vol.14, issue.4, pp.239-254, 2001.
DOI : 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8199

L. Sjostrom and P. Bjorntorp, BODY COMPOSITION AND ADIPOSE TISSUE CELLULARITY IN HUMAN OBESITY, Acta Medica Scandinavica, vol.12, issue.Suppl. 544, pp.201-211, 1974.
DOI : 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1974.tb08123.x

J. Hirsch, S. Fried, N. Edens, and R. Leibel, The Fat Cell, Medical Clinics of North America, vol.73, issue.1, pp.83-96, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/S0025-7125(16)30693-9

K. Spalding, E. Arner, P. Westermark, S. Bernard, B. Buchholz et al., Dynamics of fat cell turnover in humans, Nature, vol.19, issue.7196, pp.783-787, 2008.
DOI : 10.1038/nature06902
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00372715

F. Gregoire and C. Smas, Sul HS 1998 Understanding adipocyte differentiation, Physiol Rev, vol.78, pp.783-809

E. Rosen and B. Spiegelman, Molecular Regulation of Adipogenesis, Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, vol.16, issue.1, pp.145-171, 2000.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.cellbio.16.1.145

C. Jr, J. Majka, S. , G. T. Gill, R. Klemm et al., Rosiglitazone promotes development of a novel adipocyte population from bone marrowderived circulating progenitor cells, J Clin Invest, vol.116, pp.3220-3228, 2006.

Y. Koh, S. Kang, H. Lee, T. Choi, H. Lee et al., Bone marrow???derived circulating progenitor cells fail to transdifferentiate into adipocytes in adult adipose tissues in mice, Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol.117, issue.12, pp.3684-3695, 2007.
DOI : 10.1172/JCI32504DS1

C. Curat, A. Miranville, C. Sengenes, M. Diehl, C. Tonus et al., From Blood Monocytes to Adipose Tissue-Resident Macrophages: Induction of Diapedesis by Human Mature Adipocytes, Diabetes, vol.53, issue.5, pp.1285-1292, 2004.
DOI : 10.2337/diabetes.53.5.1285

C. Sengenes, K. Lolmede, A. Zakaroff-girard, R. Busse, and A. Bouloumie, Preadipocytes in the human subcutaneous adipose tissue display distinct features from the adult mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells, Journal of Cellular Physiology, vol.13, issue.1, pp.114-122, 2005.
DOI : 10.1002/jcp.20381

A. Miranville, C. Heeschen, C. Sengenes, C. Curat, R. Busse et al., Improvement of Postnatal Neovascularization by Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells, Circulation, vol.110, issue.3, pp.349-355, 2004.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.0000135466.16823.D0

H. Hauner and G. Entenmann, Regional variation of adipose differentiation in cultured stromal-vascular cells from the abdominal and femoral adipose tissue of obese women, Int J Obes, vol.15, pp.121-126, 1991.

C. Curat, V. Wegner, C. Sengenes, A. Miranville, C. Tonus et al., Macrophages in human visceral adipose tissue: increased accumulation in obesity and a source of resistin and visfatin, Diabetologia, vol.113, issue.4, pp.744-747, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/s00125-006-0173-z

J. Rheinwald and H. Green, Seria cultivation of strains of human epidemal keratinocytes: the formation keratinizin colonies from single cell is, Cell, vol.6, issue.3, pp.331-343, 1975.
DOI : 10.1016/S0092-8674(75)80001-8

S. Gesta, Y. Tseng, and C. Kahn, Developmental Origin of Fat: Tracking Obesity to Its Source, Cell, vol.131, issue.2, pp.242-256, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cell.2007.10.004

S. Nishimura, I. Manabe, M. Nagasaki, Y. Hosoya, H. Yamashita et al., Adipogenesis in Obesity Requires Close Interplay Between Differentiating Adipocytes, Stromal Cells, and Blood Vessels, Adipogenesis in obesity requires close interplay between differentiating adipocytes, stromal cells, and blood vessels, pp.1517-1526, 2007.
DOI : 10.2337/db06-1749

Q. Tang, T. Otto, and M. Lane, Mitotic clonal expansion: A synchronous process required for adipogenesis, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.100, issue.1, pp.44-49, 2003.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0137044100

A. Strawford, F. Antelo, M. Christiansen, and M. Hellerstein, Adipose tissue triglyceride turnover, de novo lipogenesis, and cell proliferation in humans measured with 2H2O, AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism, vol.286, issue.4, pp.577-588, 2004.
DOI : 10.1152/ajpendo.00093.2003

E. Endl and J. Gerdes, The Ki-67 Protein: Fascinating Forms and an Unknown Function, Experimental Cell Research, vol.257, issue.2, pp.231-237, 2000.
DOI : 10.1006/excr.2000.4888

T. Scholzen and J. Gerdes, The Ki-67 protein: From the known and the unknown, Journal of Cellular Physiology, vol.19, issue.31, pp.311-322, 2000.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4652(200003)182:3<311::AID-JCP1>3.0.CO;2-9

R. Neese, L. Misell, S. Turner, A. Chu, J. Kim et al., Nonlinear partial differential equations and applications: Measurement in vivo of proliferation rates of slow turnover cells by 2H2O labeling of the deoxyribose moiety of DNA, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.99, issue.24, pp.15345-15350, 2002.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.232551499

G. Ferry, E. Tellier, A. Try, S. Gres, I. Naime et al., Autotaxin Is Released from Adipocytes, Catalyzes Lysophosphatidic Acid Synthesis, and Activates Preadipocyte Proliferation: UP-REGULATED EXPRESSION WITH ADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION AND OBESITY, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.278, issue.20, pp.18162-18169, 2003.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M301158200
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00110135

T. Skurk, C. Alberti-huber, C. Herder, and H. Hauner, Relationship between Adipocyte Size and Adipokine Expression and Secretion, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.92, issue.3, pp.1023-1033, 2007.
DOI : 10.1210/jc.2006-1055
URL : http://mediatum.ub.tum.de/doc/674869/document.pdf

N. Hosogai, A. Fukuhara, K. Oshima, Y. Miyata, S. Tanaka et al., Adipose Tissue Hypoxia in Obesity and Its Impact on Adipocytokine Dysregulation, Adipose tissue hypoxia in obesity and its impact on adipocytokine dysregulation, pp.901-911, 2007.
DOI : 10.2337/db06-0911

K. Lolmede, D. De-saint-front, V. Galitzky, J. Lafontan, M. Bouloumie et al., Effects of hypoxia on the expression of proangiogenic factors in differentiated 3T3-F442A adipocytes, International Journal of Obesity, vol.27, issue.10, pp.1187-1195, 2003.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802407

P. Trayhurn and I. Wood, Adipokines: inflammation and the pleiotropic role of white adipose tissue, British Journal of Nutrition, vol.14, issue.03, pp.347-355, 2004.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.162349799

R. Cancello, C. Henegar, N. Viguerie, S. Taleb, C. Poitou et al., Reduction of Macrophage Infiltration and Chemoattractant Gene Expression Changes in White Adipose Tissue of Morbidly Obese Subjects After Surgery-Induced Weight Loss, Diabetes, vol.54, issue.8, pp.2277-2286, 2005.
DOI : 10.2337/diabetes.54.8.2277

M. Imagawa, T. Tsuchiya, and T. Nishihara, Identification of Inducible Genes at the Early Stage of Adipocyte Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Cells, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol.254, issue.2, pp.299-305, 1999.
DOI : 10.1006/bbrc.1998.9937

R. Irwin, J. Lapres, S. Kinser, and L. Mccabe, Prolyl-hydroxylase inhibition and HIF activation in osteoblasts promotes an adipocytic phenotype, Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, vol.292, issue.3, pp.762-772, 2007.
DOI : 10.1002/jcb.21083

Z. Floyd, G. Kilroy, X. Wu, and J. Gimble, Effects of prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors on adipogenesis and hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha levels under normoxic conditions, Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, vol.17, issue.6, pp.1545-1557, 2007.
DOI : 10.1002/jcb.21266

P. Valet, C. Pages, O. Jeanneton, D. Daviaud, P. Barbe et al., Alpha2-adrenergic receptor-mediated release of lysophosphatidic acid by adipocytes. A paracrine signal for preadipocyte growth., Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol.101, issue.7, pp.1431-1438, 19982.
DOI : 10.1172/JCI806
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00110173

B. Wagoner, D. Hausman, and R. Harris, Direct and indirect effects of leptin on preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation, AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, vol.290, issue.6, pp.1557-1564, 2006.
DOI : 10.1152/ajpregu.00860.2005

L. Hutley, A. Herington, W. Shurety, C. Cheung, D. Vesey et al., Human adipose tissue endothelial cells promote preadipocyte proliferation, Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, vol.281, pp.1037-1044, 2001.

P. Zuk, M. Zhu, P. Ashjian, D. Ugarte, D. Huang et al., Human Adipose Tissue Is a Source of Multipotent Stem Cells, Molecular Biology of the Cell, vol.13, issue.12, pp.4279-4295, 2002.
DOI : 10.1091/mbc.E02-02-0105

W. Grayson, F. Zhao, B. Bunnell, and T. Ma, Hypoxia enhances proliferation and tissue formation of human mesenchymal stem cells, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol.358, issue.3, pp.948-953, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.05.054

S. Cinti, G. Mitchell, G. Barbatelli, I. Murano, E. Ceresi et al., Adipocyte death defines macrophage localization and function in adipose tissue of obese mice and humans, The Journal of Lipid Research, vol.46, issue.11, pp.2347-2355, 2005.
DOI : 10.1194/jlr.M500294-JLR200

K. Strissel, Z. Stancheva, H. Miyoshi, J. Perfield-2nd, J. Defuria et al., Adipocyte Death, Adipose Tissue Remodeling, and Obesity Complications, Diabetes, vol.56, issue.12, pp.2910-2918, 2007.
DOI : 10.2337/db07-0767

A. Carriere, Y. Fernandez, M. Rigoulet, L. Penicaud, and L. Casteilla, Inhibition of preadipocyte proliferation by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, FEBS Letters, vol.416, issue.1-3, pp.163-167, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00862-7
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00409049