E. Friedberg, DNA damage and repair, Nature, vol.75, issue.6921, pp.436-476, 2003.
DOI : 10.1038/nature01408

A. Sancar, L. Lindsey-boltz, K. Unsal-kacmaz, and S. Linn, Molecular Mechanisms of Mammalian DNA Repair and the DNA Damage Checkpoints, Annual Review of Biochemistry, vol.73, issue.1, pp.39-85, 2004.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.biochem.73.011303.073723

E. Friedberg, L. Mcdaniel, and R. Schultz, The role of endogenous and exogenous DNA damage and mutagenesis, Current Opinion in Genetics & Development, vol.14, issue.1, pp.5-10, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.gde.2003.11.001

T. Nouspikel, DNA repair in differentiated cells: Some new answers to old questions, Neuroscience, vol.145, issue.4, pp.1213-1221, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.07.006

T. Nouspikel and P. Hanawalt, DNA repair in terminally differentiated cells, DNA Repair, vol.1, issue.1, pp.59-75, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S1568-7864(01)00005-2

S. Burma, B. Chen, and D. Chen, Role of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) in maintaining genomic integrity, DNA Repair, vol.5, issue.9-10, pp.9-10, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.dnarep.2006.05.026

P. Jeggo and M. Lobrich, Contribution of DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoint arrest to the maintenance of genomic stability, DNA Repair, vol.5, issue.9-10, pp.9-10, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.dnarep.2006.05.011

M. Hefferin and A. Tomkinson, Mechanism of DNA double-strand break repair by non-homologous end joining, DNA Repair, vol.4, issue.6, pp.639-648, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.dnarep.2004.12.005

E. Weterings and D. Van-gent, DNA-dependent protein kinase in nonhomologous end joining: a lock with multiple keys?, The Journal of Cell Biology, vol.19, issue.2, 2004.
DOI : 10.1128/MCB.00048-06

C. Wyman and R. Kanaar, Homologous Recombination: Down to the Wire, Current Biology, vol.14, issue.15, pp.629-631, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cub.2004.07.049

K. Rothkamm, I. Kruger, L. Thompson, and M. Lobrich, Pathways of DNA Double-Strand Break Repair during the Mammalian Cell Cycle, Molecular and Cellular Biology, vol.23, issue.16, pp.5706-5715, 2003.
DOI : 10.1128/MCB.23.16.5706-5715.2003

E. Weterings and D. Chen, DNA-dependent protein kinase in nonhomologous end joining: a lock with multiple keys?, The Journal of Cell Biology, vol.19, issue.2, 2007.
DOI : 10.1128/MCB.00048-06

T. Gottlieb and S. Jackson, The DNA-dependent protein kinase: Requirement for DNA ends and association with Ku antigen, Cell, vol.72, issue.1, pp.131-142, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90057-W

D. Merlo, D. Stasi, A. Bonini, P. Mollinari, C. Cardinale et al., The DNA-dependent protein kinase: requirement for DNA ends and association with Ku antigen, Cell, vol.72, issue.1, pp.131-142, 2005.

K. Ren and S. De-ortiz, Non-homologous DNA end joining in the mature rat brain, Journal of Neurochemistry, vol.80, issue.6, pp.949-959, 2002.
DOI : 10.1046/j.0022-3042.2002.00776.x

G. Gobbel, S. Choi, S. Beier, and A. Niranjan, Long-term cultivation of multipotential neural stem cells from adult rat subependyma, Brain Research, vol.980, issue.2, pp.221-232, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-8993(03)02977-9

A. Nawrocki and P. Scherer, Keynote review: The adipocyte as a drug discovery target, Drug Discovery Today, vol.10, issue.18, pp.1219-1230, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/S1359-6446(05)03569-5

R. Neese, Nonlinear partial differential equations and applications: Measurement in vivo of proliferation rates of slow turnover cells by 2H2O labeling of the deoxyribose moiety of DNA, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.99, issue.24, pp.15345-15350, 2002.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.232551499

S. Farmer, Measurement in vivo of proliferation rates of slow turnover cells by 2H2O labeling of the deoxyribose moiety of DNA, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, vol.99, issue.24, pp.15345-15350, 2006.

D. Daviaud, TNF?? up-regulates apelin expression in human and mouse adipose tissue, The FASEB Journal, vol.20, issue.9, pp.1528-1530, 2006.
DOI : 10.1096/fj.05-5243fje

S. Bour, Adipogenesis-related increase of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase and monoamine oxidase in human adipocytes, Biochimie, vol.89, issue.8, pp.916-925, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.biochi.2007.02.013
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00409542

D. Biard, E. Despras, A. Sarasin, and J. Angulo, Development of New EBV-Based Vectors for Stable Expression of Small Interfering RNA to Mimick Human Syndromes: Application to NER Gene Silencing, Molecular Cancer Research, vol.3, issue.9, pp.519-529, 2005.
DOI : 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-05-0044

B. Stenerlow, K. Karlsson, B. Cooper, and B. Rydberg, Measurement of Prompt DNA Double-Strand Breaks in Mammalian Cells without Including Heat-Labile Sites: Results for Cells Deficient in Nonhomologous End Joining, Radiation Research, vol.159, issue.4, pp.502-510, 2003.
DOI : 10.1667/0033-7587(2003)159[0502:MOPDDS]2.0.CO;2

M. Wang, W. Wu, B. Rosidi, L. Zhang, H. Wang et al., PARP-1 and Ku compete for repair of DNA double strand breaks by distinct NHEJ pathways, Nucleic Acids Research, vol.34, issue.21, pp.6170-6182, 2006.
DOI : 10.1093/nar/gkl840

C. Muller, S. Monferran, A. Gamp, P. Calsou, and B. Salles, Inhibition of Ku heterodimer DNA end binding activity during granulocytic differentiation of human promyelocytic cell lines, Oncogene, vol.20, issue.32, pp.4373-4382, 2001.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.onc.1204571

F. Bouquet, C. Muller, and B. Salles, The Loss of γH2AX Signal is a Marker of DNA Double Strand Breaks Repair Only at Low Levels of DNA Damage, Cell Cycle, vol.5, issue.10, pp.1116-1122, 2006.
DOI : 10.4161/cc.5.10.2799

C. Muller, P. Calsou, P. Frit, C. Cayrol, T. Carter et al., UV sensitivity and impaired nucleotide excision repair in DNA-dependent protein kinase mutant cells, Nucleic Acids Research, vol.26, issue.6, pp.1382-1389, 1998.
DOI : 10.1093/nar/26.6.1382

H. Green and O. Kehinde, Spontaneous heritable changes leading to increased adipose conversion in 3T3 cells, Cell, vol.7, issue.1, pp.105-113, 1976.
DOI : 10.1016/0092-8674(76)90260-9

E. Rogakou, D. Pilch, A. Orr, V. Ivanova, and W. Bonner, DNA Double-stranded Breaks Induce Histone H2AX Phosphorylation on Serine 139, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.273, issue.10, pp.5858-5868, 1998.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.273.10.5858

E. Rogakou, C. Boon, C. Redon, and W. Bonner, Megabase Chromatin Domains Involved in DNA Double-Strand Breaks in Vivo, The Journal of Cell Biology, vol.6, issue.5, pp.905-916, 1999.
DOI : 10.1126/science.168.3937.1364

O. Sedelnikova, E. Rogakou, I. Panyutin, and W. Bonner, IdU-Induced DNA Double-Strand Breaks with ??-H2AX Antibody, Radiation Research, vol.158, issue.4, pp.486-492, 2002.
DOI : 10.1667/0033-7587(2002)158[0486:QDOIID]2.0.CO;2

B. Cedervall, R. Wong, N. Albright, J. Dynlacht, P. Lambin et al., Methods for the Quantification of DNA Double-Strand Breaks Determined from the Distribution of DNA Fragment Sizes Measured by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis, Radiation Research, vol.143, issue.1, pp.8-16, 1995.
DOI : 10.2307/3578920

S. Macphail, J. Banath, T. Yu, E. Chu, H. Lambur et al., Expression of phosphorylated histone H2AX in cultured cell lines following exposure to X???rays, International Journal of Radiation Biology, vol.273, issue.5, pp.351-358, 2003.
DOI : 10.1080/0955300032000093128

S. Costes, A. Boissiere, S. Ravani, R. Romano, B. Parvin et al., Imaging Features that Discriminate between Foci Induced by High- and Low-LET Radiation in Human Fibroblasts, Radiation Research, vol.165, issue.5, pp.505-515, 2006.
DOI : 10.1667/RR3538.1

I. Ward and J. Chen, Histone H2AX is phosphorylated in an ATRdependent manner in response to replicational stress, J Biol Chem, vol.276, issue.51, pp.47759-47762, 2001.

E. Soutoglou and T. Misteli, Activation of the Cellular DNA Damage Response in the Absence of DNA Lesions, Science, vol.320, issue.5882, pp.1507-1510, 2008.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1159051

R. Abraham, PI 3-kinase related kinases: 'big' players in stress-induced signaling pathways, DNA Repair (Amst), vol.3, pp.8-9, 2004.

N. Finnie, T. Gottlieb, T. Blunt, P. Jeggo, and S. Jackson, DNA-dependent protein kinase activity is absent in xrs-6 cells: implications for site-specific recombination and DNA double-strand break repair., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.92, issue.1, pp.320-324, 1995.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.92.1.320

W. Zhang and M. Yaneva, On the mechanisms of ku protein binding to DNA, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol.186, issue.1, pp.574-579, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-291X(05)80847-2

S. Boulton, S. Kyle, L. Yalcintepe, and B. Durkacz, Wortmannin is a potent inhibitor of DNA double strand break but not single strand break repair in Chinese hamster ovary cells, Carcinogenesis, vol.17, issue.11, pp.2285-2290, 1996.
DOI : 10.1093/carcin/17.11.2285

R. Okayasu, K. Suetomi, and R. Ullrich, Wortmannin Inhibits Repair of DNA Double-Strand Breaks in Irradiated Normal Human Cells, Radiation Research, vol.149, issue.5, pp.440-445, 1998.
DOI : 10.2307/3579783

B. Price and M. Youmell, The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin sensitizes murine fibroblasts and human tumor cells to radiation and blocks induction of p53 following DNA damage, Cancer Res, vol.56, issue.2, pp.246-250, 1996.

N. Sjakste and T. Sjakste, Possible involvement of DNA strand breaks in regulation of cell differentiation, Eur J Histochem, vol.51, issue.2, pp.81-94, 2007.

I. Ader, C. Muller, J. Bonnet, G. Favre, E. Cohen-jonathan et al., The radioprotective effect of the 24???kDa FGF-2 isoform in HeLa cells is related to an increased expression and activity of the DNA dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) catalytic subunit, Oncogene, vol.21, issue.42, pp.6471-6479, 2002.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.onc.1205838

W. Xu, L. Liu, G. Smith, and G. Charles, Nitric oxide upregulates expression of DNA-PKcs to protect cells from DNA-damaging anti-tumour agents, Nat Cell Biol, vol.2, issue.6, pp.339-345, 2000.

S. Engeli, J. Janke, K. Gorzelniak, J. Bohnke, N. Ghose et al., Regulation of the nitric oxide system in human adipose tissue, The Journal of Lipid Research, vol.45, issue.9, pp.1640-1648, 2004.
DOI : 10.1194/jlr.M300322-JLR200

A. Ajmani, M. Satoh, E. Reap, P. Cohen, and W. Reeves, Absence of autoantigen Ku in mature human neutrophils and human promyelocytic leukemia line (HL-60) cells and lymphocytes undergoing apoptosis, Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol.181, issue.6, pp.2049-2058, 1995.
DOI : 10.1084/jem.181.6.2049

S. Lee, R. Mitchell, A. Cheng, and E. Hendrickson, Evidence for DNA-PK-dependent and -independent DNA double-strand break repair pathways in mammalian cells as a function of the cell cycle., Molecular and Cellular Biology, vol.17, issue.3, pp.1425-1433, 1997.
DOI : 10.1128/MCB.17.3.1425

N. Kubota, F. Ozawa, S. Okada, T. Inada, K. Komatsu et al., The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin sensitizes quiescent but not proliferating MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells to radiation, Cancer Letters, vol.133, issue.2, pp.161-167, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-3835(98)00221-3

Q. Tang, T. Otto, and M. Lane, Mitotic clonal expansion: A synchronous process required for adipogenesis, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.100, issue.1, pp.44-49, 2003.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0137044100

D. Murray and R. Meyn, Differential Repair of g-Ray-Induced DNA Strand Breaks by Various Cellular Subpopulations of Mouse Jejunal Epithelium and Bone Marrow in Vivo, Radiation Research, vol.109, issue.1, pp.153-164, 1987.
DOI : 10.2307/3576876

M. Tabocchini, K. Rothkamm, C. Signoretti, J. Risse, O. Sapora et al., Formation and repair of DNA double-strand breaks in ??-irradiated K562 cells undergoing erythroid differentiation, Mutation Research/DNA Repair, vol.461, issue.1, pp.71-82, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0921-8777(00)00041-0

T. Bracker, B. Giebel, J. Spanholtz, U. Sorg, L. Klein-hitpass et al., Stringent Regulation of DNA Repair During Human Hematopoietic Differentiation: A Gene Expression and Functional Analysis, Stem Cells, vol.2, issue.3, pp.722-730, 2006.
DOI : 10.1634/stemcells.2005-0227

J. Kenyon and S. Gerson, The role of DNA damage repair in aging of adult stem cells, Nucleic Acids Research, vol.35, issue.22, pp.7557-7565, 2007.
DOI : 10.1093/nar/gkm1064

M. Audebert, B. Salles, and P. Calsou, Involvement of Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 and XRCC1/DNA Ligase III in an Alternative Route for DNA Double-strand Breaks Rejoining, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.279, issue.53, pp.55117-55126, 2004.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M404524200

M. Audebert, B. Salles, M. Weinfeld, and P. Calsou, Involvement of Polynucleotide Kinase in a Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1-dependent DNA Double-strand Breaks Rejoining Pathway, Journal of Molecular Biology, vol.356, issue.2, pp.257-265, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jmb.2005.11.028

L. Latella, J. Lukas, C. Simone, P. Puri, and J. Bartek, Differentiation-Induced Radioresistance in Muscle Cells, Molecular and Cellular Biology, vol.24, issue.14, pp.6350-6361, 2004.
DOI : 10.1128/MCB.24.14.6350-6361.2004

E. Nowak, E. O. Millet, P. Lages, C. Mathieu, C. Mouthon et al., Radiation-Induced H2AX Phosphorylation and Neural Precursor Apoptosis in the Developing Brain of Mice, Radiation Research, vol.165, issue.2, pp.155-164, 2006.
DOI : 10.1667/RR3496.1