W. Unicef, Towards Universal Access Scaling up priority HIV/AIDS interventions in the health sector, Progress Report, 2007.

X. Anglaret, E. Messou, T. Ouassa, S. Toure, N. Dakoury-dogbo et al., Pattern of bacterial diseases in a cohort of HIV-1 infected adults receiving cotrimoxazole prophylaxis in Abidjan, C??te d'Ivoire, AIDS, vol.17, issue.4, pp.575-584, 2003.
DOI : 10.1097/00002030-200303070-00013

C. Seyler, C. Adje-toure, E. Messou, N. Dakoury-dogbo, F. Rouet et al., Impact of genotypic drug resistance mutations on clinical and immunological outcomes in HIV-infected adults on HAART in West Africa, AIDS, vol.21, issue.9, pp.1157-1164, 2007.
DOI : 10.1097/QAD.0b013e3281c615da
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00172158

A. Gueye and C. Seyler, Case study country ? Cote d'Ivoire Strategies for Building National- Scale Longitudinal Patient Monitoring Systems for HIV Treatment and Care in PEPFAR Countries, 2007.

F. Rouet, D. Ekouevi, A. Inwoley, M. Chaix, M. Burgard et al., Field Evaluation of a Rapid Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Serial Serologic Testing Algorithm for Diagnosis and Differentiation of HIV Type 1 (HIV-1), HIV-2, and Dual HIV-1-HIV-2 Infections in West African Pregnant Women, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol.42, issue.9, pp.4147-53, 2004.
DOI : 10.1128/JCM.42.9.4147-4153.2004

X. Anglaret, S. Toure, G. Gourvellec, A. Tchehy, L. Zio et al., Impact of Vital Status Investigation Procedures on Estimates of Survival in Cohorts of HIV-Infected Patients From Sub-Saharan Africa, JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, vol.35, issue.3, pp.320-323, 2004.
DOI : 10.1097/00126334-200403010-00015

M. Egger, M. May, G. Chene, A. Phillips, B. Ledergerber et al., Prognosis of HIVinfected patients starting highly active antiretroviral therapy: a collaborative analysis of prospective studies, Lancet, vol.360, pp.319-329, 2002.

K. Wools-kaloustian, S. Kimaiyo, L. Diero, A. Siika, J. Sidle et al., Viability and effectiveness of large-scale HIV treatment initiatives in sub-Saharan Africa: experience from western Kenya, AIDS, vol.20, issue.1, pp.41-49, 2006.
DOI : 10.1097/01.aids.0000196177.65551.ea

J. Stringer, I. Zulu, J. Levy, E. Stringer, A. Mwango et al., Rapid Scale-up of Antiretroviral Therapy at Primary Care Sites in Zambia, JAMA, vol.296, issue.7, pp.782-93, 2006.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.296.7.782

L. Ferradini, A. Jeannin, L. Pinoges, J. Izopet, D. Odhiambo et al., Scaling up of highly active antiretroviral therapy in a rural district of Malawi: an effectiveness assessment, The Lancet, vol.367, issue.9519, pp.1335-1377, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68580-2

D. Coetzee, K. Hildebrand, A. Boulle, G. Maartens, F. Louis et al., Outcomes after two years of providing antiretroviral treatment in Khayelitsha, South Africa, AIDS, vol.18, issue.6, pp.887-95, 2004.
DOI : 10.1097/00002030-200404090-00006

J. Nachega, M. Hislop, D. Dowdy, M. Lo, S. Omer et al., Adherence to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Assessed by Pharmacy Claims Predicts Survival in HIV-Infected South African Adults, JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, vol.43, issue.1, pp.78-84, 2006.
DOI : 10.1097/01.qai.0000225015.43266.46

P. Weidle, S. Malamba, R. Mwebaze, C. Sozi, G. Rukundo et al., Assessment of a pilot antiretroviral drug therapy programme in Uganda: patients' response, survival, and drug resistance, The Lancet, vol.360, issue.9326, pp.34-40, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09330-3

P. Weidle, N. Wamai, P. Solberg, C. Liechty, S. Sendagala et al., Adherence to antiretroviral therapy in a home-based AIDS care programme in rural Uganda, The Lancet, vol.368, issue.9547, pp.1587-94, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69118-6

C. Wester, S. Kim, H. Bussmann, A. Avalos, N. Ndwapi et al., Initial Response to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-1C-Infected Adults in a Public Sector Treatment Program in Botswana, JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, vol.40, issue.3, pp.336-379, 2005.
DOI : 10.1097/01.qai.0000159668.80207.5b

P. Braitstein, M. Brinkhof, F. Dabis, M. Schechter, A. Boulle et al., Mortality of HIV-1-infected patients in the first year of antiretroviral therapy: comparison between low-income and high-income countries, Lancet, vol.367, pp.817-824, 2006.

G. Djomand, T. Roels, T. Ellerbrock, D. Hanson, F. Diomande et al., Virologic and immunologic outcomes and programmatic challenges of an antiretroviral treatment pilot project in Abidjan, C??te d??Ivoire, AIDS, vol.17, issue.3, pp.5-15, 2003.
DOI : 10.1097/00002030-200317003-00002

C. Seyler, S. Toure, E. Messou, N. Dakoury-dogbo, A. Anzian et al., Morbidity causes in HIV-infected adults before and after the antiretroviral treatment (ART) era in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: data from the Cotrame ANRS 1203 cohort study, Antivir Ther, vol.8, p.360, 2003.

S. Lawn, L. Myer, C. Orrell, L. Bekker, and R. Wood, Early mortality among adults accessing a community-based antiretroviral service in South Africa: implications for programme design, AIDS, vol.19, issue.18, pp.2141-2149, 2005.
DOI : 10.1097/01.aids.0000194802.89540.e1

C. Laurent, N. Gueye, N. Ndour, C. Gueye, P. Diouf et al., Long-Term Benefits of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Senegalese HIV-1-Infected Adults, JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, vol.38, issue.1, pp.14-21, 2005.
DOI : 10.1097/00126334-200501010-00003

J. Etard, I. Ndiaye, M. Thierry-mieg, N. Gueye, P. Gueye et al., Mortality and causes of death in adults receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy in Senegal: a 7-year cohort study, AIDS, vol.20, issue.8, pp.1181-1190, 2006.
DOI : 10.1097/01.aids.0000226959.87471.01

S. Lawn, L. Myer, G. Harling, C. Orrell, L. Bekker et al., Determinants of Mortality and Nondeath Losses from an Antiretroviral Treatment Service in South Africa: Implications for Program Evaluation, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.43, issue.6, pp.770-776, 2006.
DOI : 10.1086/507095

R. Zachariah, M. Fitzgerald, M. Massaquoi, O. Pasulani, L. Arnould et al., Risk factors for high early mortality in patients on antiretroviral treatment in a rural district of Malawi, AIDS, vol.20, issue.18, pp.2355-60, 2006.
DOI : 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32801086b0

C. Wester, H. Bussmann, A. Avalos, N. Ndwapi, T. Gaolathe et al., Establishment of a Public Antiretroviral Treatment Clinic for Adults in Urban Botswana: Lessons Learned, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.40, issue.7, pp.1041-1045, 2005.
DOI : 10.1086/428352

D. Jerene, A. Endale, Y. Hailu, and B. Lindtjorn, Predictors of early death in a cohort of Ethiopian patients treated with HAART, BMC Infectious Diseases, vol.37, issue.10, p.136, 2006.
DOI : 10.1086/379072

C. Seyler, X. Anglaret, N. Dakoury-dogbo, E. Messou, S. Touré et al., Mediumterm survival, morbidity and immunovirological evolution in HIV-infected adults receiving antiretroviral therapy, Antivir Ther, vol.8, pp.385-393, 2003.

S. Lawn, L. Myer, L. Bekker, and R. Wood, Burden of tuberculosis in an antiretroviral treatment programme in sub-Saharan Africa: impact on treatment outcomes and implications for tuberculosis control, AIDS, vol.20, issue.12, pp.1605-1617, 2006.
DOI : 10.1097/01.aids.0000238406.93249.cd

A. Calmy, L. Pinoges, E. Szumilin, Z. R. Ford, N. Ferradini et al., Generic fixed-dose combination antiretroviral treatment in resource-poor settings: multicentric observational cohort, AIDS, vol.20, issue.8, pp.1163-1172, 2006.
DOI : 10.1097/01.aids.0000226957.79847.d6

M. Kitahata, T. Koepsell, R. Deyo, C. Maxwell, W. Dodge et al., Physicians' Experience with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome as a Factor in Patients' Survival, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.334, issue.11, pp.701-707, 1996.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM199603143341106

C. Laine, L. Markson, L. Mckee, W. Hauck, T. Fanning et al., The relationship of clinic experience with advanced HIV and survival of women with AIDS, AIDS, vol.12, issue.4, pp.417-441, 1998.
DOI : 10.1097/00002030-199804000-00011

S. Goldie, Y. Yazdanpanah, E. Losina, M. Weinstein, X. Anglaret et al., Cost-Effectiveness of HIV Treatment in Resource-Poor Settings ??? The Case of C??te d'Ivoire, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.355, issue.11, pp.1141-1153, 2006.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMsa060247

F. Van-leth, P. Phanuphak, K. Ruxrungtham, E. Baraldi, S. Miller et al., Comparison of first-line antiretroviral therapy with regimens including nevirapine, efavirenz, or both drugs, plus stavudine and lamivudine: a randomised open-label trial, the 2NN Study, The Lancet, vol.363, issue.9417, pp.1253-63, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15997-7

J. Nachega, M. Hislop, D. Dowdy, R. Chaisson, L. Regensberg et al., Adherence to Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor???Based HIV Therapy and Virologic Outcomes, Annals of Internal Medicine, vol.146, issue.8, pp.564-73, 2007.
DOI : 10.7326/0003-4819-146-8-200704170-00007

3. Figure, Survival after ART initiation, by pre-ART CD4 count Probability (95% CI) at : Baseline CD4 count

3. Figure, Probability of being lost to follow-up after ART initiation, by type of care centre Probability (95% CI) at : Type of care centre Aconda care centre (CePReF care centre, exclusively dedicated to HIV care) Other centres (recently opened, and non exclusively dedicated to HIV care) Overall Month