J. Djernes, Prevalence and predictors of depression in populations of elderly: a review, Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, vol.45, issue.4, pp.372-387, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/s00127-004-0714-z

G. Alexopoulos, B. Meyers, R. Young, T. Kakuma, D. Silbersweig et al., Clinically defined vascular depression, Am J Psychiatry, vol.154, pp.562-565, 1997.

D. Barnes, G. Alexopoulos, O. Lopez, J. Williamson, and K. Yaffe, Depressive Symptoms, Vascular Disease, and Mild Cognitive Impairment, Archives of General Psychiatry, vol.63, issue.3, pp.273-279, 2006.
DOI : 10.1001/archpsyc.63.3.273

P. Naarding, R. Schoevers, J. Janzing, C. Jonker, P. Koudstaal et al., A study on symptom profiles of late-life depression: The influence of vascular, degenerative and inflammatory risk-indicators, Journal of Affective Disorders, vol.88, issue.2, pp.155-162, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jad.2005.07.002

R. Rao, Cerebrovascular disease and late life depression: an age old association revisited, International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, vol.47, issue.5, pp.419-433, 2000.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1166(200005)15:5<419::AID-GPS140>3.0.CO;2-9

K. Krishnan, W. Taylor, D. Mcquoid, J. Macfall, M. Payne et al., Clinical characteristics of magnetic resonance imaging-defined subcortical ischemic depression, Biological Psychiatry, vol.55, issue.4, pp.390-397, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.08.014

H. Tiemeier, REVIEW: Biological risk factors for late life depression, European Journal of Epidemiology, vol.18, issue.8, pp.745-750, 2003.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1025388203548

W. Taylor, J. Macfall, M. Payne, D. Mcquoid, D. Steffens et al., Greater MRI lesion volumes in elderly depressed subjects than in control subjects, Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, vol.139, issue.1, pp.1-7, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2004.08.004

J. Macfall, W. Taylor, D. Rex, S. Pieper, M. Payne et al., Lobar Distribution of Lesion Volumes in Late-Life Depression: The Biomedical Informatics Research Network (BIRN), Neuropsychopharmacology, vol.26, issue.7, pp.1500-1507, 2005.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.npp.1300986

I. Hickie, E. Scott, K. Wilhelm, and H. Brodaty, Subcortical hyperintensities on magnetic resonance imaging in patients with severe depression???A longitudinal evaluation, Biological Psychiatry, vol.42, issue.5, pp.367-374, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-3223(96)00363-0

S. Salloway, P. Malloy, R. Kohn, E. Gillard, J. Duffy et al., MRI and neuropsychological differences in early- and late-life-onset geriatric depression, Neurology, vol.46, issue.6, pp.1567-1574, 1996.
DOI : 10.1212/WNL.46.6.1567

A. Heiden, J. Kettenbach, P. Fischer, B. Schein, A. Ba-ssalamah et al., White matter hyperintensities and chronicity of depression, Journal of Psychiatric Research, vol.39, issue.3, pp.285-293, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2004.07.004

W. Taylor, J. Macfall, D. Steffens, M. Payne, J. Provenzale et al., Localization of age-associated white matter hyperintensities in late-life depression, Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, vol.27, issue.3, pp.539-544, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0278-5846(02)00358-5

J. Degroot, F. Oudkerk, M. Hofman, A. Jolles, J. Breteler et al., Cerebral White Matter Lesions and Depressive Symptoms in Elderly Adults, Archives of General Psychiatry, vol.57, issue.11, pp.1071-1076, 2000.
DOI : 10.1001/archpsyc.57.11.1071

D. Steffens, K. Krishnan, C. Crump, and G. Burke, Cerebrovascular Disease and Evolution of Depressive Symptoms in the Cardiovascular Health Study, Stroke, vol.33, issue.6, pp.1636-1644, 2002.
DOI : 10.1161/01.STR.0000018405.59799.D5

E. Lenze, D. Cross, D. Mckeel, R. Neuman, and Y. Sheline, White Matter Hyperintensities and Gray Matter Lesions in Physically Healthy Depressed Subjects, American Journal of Psychiatry, vol.156, issue.10, pp.1602-1607, 1999.
DOI : 10.1176/ajp.156.10.1602

3. The and . Group, Vascular factors and risk of dementia: design of the Three-City Study and baseline characteristics of the study population, Neuroepidemiology, vol.22, pp.316-325, 2003.

L. Radloff, The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population, Applied Psychological Measurement, vol.1, issue.3, pp.385-401, 1977.
DOI : 10.1177/014662167700100306

R. Fuhrer and F. Rouillon, La version francaise de l'echelle CES-D, Psychiatrie et Psychobiologie, vol.4, pp.163-166, 1989.

D. Sheehan, Y. Lecrubier, K. Sheehan, P. Amorim, J. Janavs et al., The Mini- International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10, J Clin Psychiatry, vol.59, issue.20, pp.22-33, 1998.

R. Fuhrer, C. Dufouil, and J. Dartigues, Exploring Sex Differences in the Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Dementia Incidence: Prospective Results From the PAQUID Study, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, vol.30, issue.8, pp.1055-1063, 2003.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51352.x

C. Versluis, . Van-der, R. Mast, V. Buchem, M. Bollen et al., Progression of cerebral white matter lesions is not associated with development of depressive symptoms in elderly subjects at risk of cardiovascular disease. The PROSPER Study, International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, vol.17, issue.4, pp.375-381, 2006.
DOI : 10.1002/gps.1477

P. Chen, D. Mcquoid, M. Payne, and D. Steffens, White matter and subcortical gray matter lesion volume changes and late-life depression outcome: a 4-year magnetic resonance imaging study, International Psychogeriatrics, vol.18, issue.03, pp.445-456, 2006.
DOI : 10.1017/S1041610205002796

O. Brien, J. Firbank, M. Krishnan, M. Van-straaten, E. Van-der-flier et al., White Matter Hyperintensities Rather Than Lacunar Infarcts Are Associated With Depressive Symptoms in Older People: The LADIS Study, The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, vol.14, issue.10, pp.834-841, 2006.
DOI : 10.1097/01.JGP.0000214558.63358.94

H. Sorensen, S. Sabroe, and J. Olsen, A Framework for Evaluation of Secondary Data Sources for Epidemiological Research, International Journal of Epidemiology, vol.25, issue.2, pp.435-442, 1996.
DOI : 10.1093/ije/25.2.435

N. Prins, E. Van-straaten, V. Dijk, E. Simoni, M. Van-schijndel et al., Measuring progression of cerebral white matter lesions on MRI: Visual rating and volumetrics, Neurology, vol.62, issue.9, pp.1533-1539, 2004.
DOI : 10.1212/01.WNL.0000123264.40498.B6

P. Sachdev, W. Wen, X. Chen, and H. Brodaty, Progression of white matter hyperintensities in elderly individuals over 3 years, Neurology, vol.68, issue.3, pp.214-222, 2007.
DOI : 10.1212/01.wnl.0000251302.55202.73

J. Lyness, E. Caine, C. Cox, D. King, Y. Conwell et al., Cerebrovascular Risk Factors and Later-Life Major Depression: Testing a Small-Vessel Brain Disease Model, The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, vol.6, issue.1, pp.5-13, 1998.
DOI : 10.1097/00019442-199802000-00002

C. Holley, S. Murrell, and B. Mast, Psychosocial and Vascular Risk Factors for Depression in the Elderly, The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, vol.14, issue.1, pp.84-90, 2006.
DOI : 10.1097/01.JGP.0000192504.48810.cb

A. Thomas, R. Perry, R. Barber, R. Kalaria, O. Brien et al., Pathologies and Pathological Mechanisms for White Matter Hyperintensities in Depression, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol.903, issue.9, pp.333-339, 2002.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04835.x