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Table 1.

Characteristics of the cases and controls

Cases (n = 726) Controls (n = 1620) Control/Case ratio p
n % n %
Gender ns
 Male 395 54.4 892 55.1 2.3
Age at the reference date (years) <0.01
 <2 108 14.9 362 22.4 3.4
 2 98 13.5 146 9.0 1.5
 3–4 185 25.5 293 18.1 1.6
 5–6 114 15.7 218 13.5 1.9
 7–8 74 10.2 160 9.9 2.2
 9–11 88 12.1 217 13.4 2.5
 12–14 59 8.1 224 13.8 3.8
Number of children (0–14 years) living in the household ns
 1 226 31.1 528 32.6 2.3
 2 321 44.2 688 42.5 2.1
 ≥3 175 24.1 404 24.9 2.3
 Missing data 4 0.6 0 0.0
Birth order <0.01
 1 362 49.9 685 42.3 1.9
 2 232 32.0 589 36.4 2.5
 ≥3 132 18.2 346 21.4 2.6
Daycare ns
 No 634 87.3 1418 87.5 2.2
 Yes 92 12.7 202 12.5 2.2
Maternal educational level ns
 ≤ High school 438 60.3 939 58.0 2.1
 > High school 288 39.7 681 42.0 2.4
Paternal educational level 0.02
 ≤ High school 497 68.5 1021 63.0 2.1
 > High school 222 30.6 584 36.1 2.6
 Missing data 7 1.0 15 0.9
Degree of urbanization ns
 Rural 226 31.1 569 35.1 2.5
 Mixed 171 23.6 367 22.7 2.1
 Urban 315 43.4 658 40.6 2.1
 Missing data 14 1.9 26 1.6
Int J Epidemiol. 2007 February; 36(1): 110–6.
Published online 2007 January 16. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyl270.