PubMed Central, Table 1: Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2010 April; 38(2): 171–9. Published online 2009 December 7. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2009.00515.x.

Prevalence of orthodontic treatment by social and economic characteristics

	n	wg %¹	OT²	OT	p⁴
	n	wg %¹	n	wg %³	p⁴
Total	5 988	100	837	14
Sex
Boys	3 089	51	394	13
Girls	2 899	49	443	15	0.020
Age group
8–11 years	2 077	33	180	9
12–15 years	2 287	38	520	23
16–18 years	1 624	29	137	9	<0.001
Family structure
Standard two-parent	4 532	74	657	14
Blended	465	8	52	13
Single-parent	991	18	128	13	0.480
Number of children
1	1 665	30	199	12
2	2 599	42	431	16
3	1 232	21	174	15
4 and more	492	7	33	7	<0.001
Place of birth of mother (or stepmother)
France	4 735	82	702	15
Other Europe	248	4	38	15
Africa	723	12	58	8
Other World	118	2	21	16	<0.001
Maternal educational attainment
No or primary education	1 473	24	122	8
Vocational qualification	1 565	28	210	13
General secondary education diploma	1 417	24	212	15
Post secondary certification	1 395	24	278	20	<0.001
Family social status
Professionals, managers	1 206	20	249	21
Intermediate professionals	1 542	26	250	16
Office workers, self-employed, farmers, shopkeepers	1 603	27	203	13
Service and sales workers	713	12	65	9
Manual workers	882	14	69	8	<0.001
Income (euros)
< 18 000	1 422	25	134	10
18 000 – 27 000	1 596	26	181	11
27 000 – 39 000	1 465	25	209	14
> 39 000	1 505	25	313	21	<0.001
Supplementary insurance
Private	5 001	86	753	15
Government	354	6	34	9
None	534	9	32	6	<0.001
Residence area
Urban	5 082	83	737	15
Rural	906	17	100	11	0.0018
Density of orthodontists⁵
< 21.5	945	15	105	11
21.5 – 26.8	963	18	127	13
26.8 – 33.7	1 681	29	220	13
33.7 – 53.3	902	13	126	14
> 53.3	1 497	25	259	17	0.0021