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Table 2.

Factors associated with tobacco smoking in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy. IeDEA West Africa collaboration, 2007–2008

Present or past history of regular smoking Univariate analysis Multivariate analysis
N=408/N= 2920 OR 95% CI p OR 95% CI p
Country <10−4 <10−4
 Benin 31/486 1 1
 Cote d’lvoire 274/1838 2.6 1.8 – 3.8 4.6 2.9 – 7.3
 Mali 103/596 3.1 2.0 – 4.7 7.7 4.4 – 13.6
Gender <10−4 <10−4
 Women 60/2066 1 1
 Men 348/854 22.9 17.1 – 30.6 21.7 15.4 – 30.6
Marital status <10−4 0.01
 Married, cohabitant 255/1563 1 1
 Single, widowed, divorced 141/1284 0.6 0.5 – 0.8 1.4 1.1 – 1.9
Alcohol use (during the past year) <10−4 <10−4
 No 232/2143 1 1
 Yes 176/777 2.4 1.9 – 3.0 2.0 1.5 – 2.7
Age, years <10−4 <10−2
 18–30 28/534 1 1
 30–40 136/1280 2.1 1.4 – 3.2 1.3 0.8 – 2.2
 40 and over 244/1106 5.1 3.4 – 7.7 1.9 1.2 – 3.1
Formal education <10−4 0.05
 None 54/687 1 1
 Primary 116/994 1.7 1.2 – 2.3 1.5 1.0 – 2.3
 Secondary and over 236/1171 3.2 2.3 – 4.4 1.7 1.1 – 2.5
Household income (USD per month) <10−4 0.84
 Less than 38 78/1004 1 1
 Between 38 and 114 107/967 1.5 1.1 – 2.0 1.1 0.8 – 1.6
 Above 114 208/801 4.2 3.1 – 5.5 1.1 0.7 – 1.6
Immunological status at HAART initiation 0.02 0.03
 CD4 cell count ≥ 50 cells/mm3 214/1712 1 1
 CD4 cell count < 50 cells/mm3 65/377 1.5 1.1 – 2.0 1.5 1.1 – 2.2
 Unknown 129/831 1.2 1.0 – 1.6 1.1 0.8 – 1.9
History of tuberculosis infection 0.07 0.04
 No 171/1343 1 1
 Yes 33/177 1.6 1.1 – 2.4 1.8 1.1 – 3.0
 Unknown 129/831 1.1 0.9 – 1.4 1.0 0.7 – 1.5

OR: Odds Ratio, CI: Confidence Interval, HAART: Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment.

Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2009 November; 13(11): 1433–9.